Projected Profile of Taxpayers by Race & Ethnicity

Projected Distribution of Social Security Taxes Paid in 2024
POPULATION: Current-law payroll taxpayers aged 31 or older (characteristics)
Characteristic	Annual Social Security taxes paid (2024 $) at the—
Characteristic	10th percentile	Median	90th percentile
	All taxpayers
Total	$1,144	$6,598	$18,858
Sex
Female	$942	$5,533	$14,978
Male	$1,389	$7,696	$20,795
Race and ethnicity
Hispanic or Latino, any race	$959	$5,145	$13,490
White, non-Hispanic	$1,273	$7,267	$19,643
Black or African American, non-Hispanic	$904	$5,458	$15,446
All other races, non-Hispanic	$1,172	$7,734	$20,795
Country of birth
United States	$1,214	$6,847	$18,673
Other countries	$944	$5,540	$19,552
Age
31–39	$1,132	$6,540	$17,859
40–49	$1,310	$7,099	$20,795
50–59	$1,688	$7,377	$20,616
60–69	$915	$5,015	$15,267
70 or older	$85	$5,423	$14,709
Marital status
Married	$1,172	$6,837	$19,717
Divorced	$1,162	$6,623	$17,858
Widowed	$761	$4,859	$13,807
Never married	$1,129	$6,136	$17,732
Highest education level
Graduate	$2,129	$11,728	$20,795
Bachelor	$1,647	$9,689	$20,795
Associate	$1,300	$6,293	$14,756
High school	$897	$5,045	$12,090
Less than high school	$612	$4,126	$10,617
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$3,564	$15,266	$20,795
Second highest	$2,710	$9,853	$19,025
Middle	$2,016	$7,550	$13,433
Second lowest	$1,395	$6,014	$9,142
Lowest	$240	$2,423	$5,109
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$13,987	$18,861	$20,795
Second highest	$8,514	$10,176	$12,468
Middle	$5,442	$6,598	$7,811
Second lowest	$2,814	$3,872	$4,896
Lowest	$85	$1,144	$2,304
	Hispanic or Latino, any race
Subtotal	$959	$5,145	$13,490
Sex
Female	$747	$4,229	$10,174
Male	$1,180	$5,959	$15,917
Country of birth
United States	$1,089	$5,609	$14,893
Other countries	$843	$4,685	$12,109
Age
31–39	$1,005	$5,188	$12,914
40–49	$915	$5,475	$14,768
50–59	$1,189	$5,420	$13,367
60–69	$787	$3,777	$9,875
70 or older	$85	$4,269	$12,217
Marital status
Married	$917	$5,195	$13,843
Divorced	$1,189	$5,489	$13,842
Widowed	$797	$3,983	$9,430
Never married	$942	$5,042	$12,565
Highest education level
Graduate	$1,927	$8,804	$20,795
Bachelor	$1,087	$7,352	$20,795
Associate	$1,097	$6,187	$13,915
High school	$944	$4,765	$11,225
Less than high school	$735	$4,360	$10,862
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$2,482	$10,820	$20,795
Second highest	$2,172	$7,711	$17,941
Middle	$2,239	$6,775	$12,474
Second lowest	$1,521	$5,651	$8,861
Lowest	$216	$2,340	$4,994
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$13,923	$18,511	$20,795
Second highest	$8,440	$9,775	$12,355
Middle	$5,419	$6,532	$7,779
Second lowest	$2,807	$3,883	$4,876
Lowest	$94	$1,254	$2,311
	White, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	$1,273	$7,267	$19,643
Sex
Female	$1,001	$6,077	$15,446
Male	$1,597	$8,527	$20,795
Country of birth
United States	$1,301	$7,322	$19,489
Other countries	$925	$6,225	$20,795
Age
31–39	$1,230	$7,344	$18,402
40–49	$1,489	$8,006	$20,795
50–59	$1,980	$8,250	$20,795
60–69	$1,000	$5,398	$16,156
70 or older	$85	$5,779	$15,293
Marital status
Married	$1,291	$7,446	$20,448
Divorced	$1,263	$7,053	$18,535
Widowed	$807	$5,306	$14,269
Never married	$1,358	$7,258	$18,785
Highest education level
Graduate	$2,075	$11,734	$20,795
Bachelor	$1,708	$10,117	$20,795
Associate	$1,376	$6,586	$15,108
High school	$924	$5,339	$12,555
Less than high school	$641	$4,113	$10,572
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$3,705	$15,324	$20,795
Second highest	$2,954	$10,285	$18,932
Middle	$1,963	$7,731	$13,514
Second lowest	$1,274	$6,113	$9,212
Lowest	$256	$2,420	$5,142
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$13,961	$18,593	$20,795
Second highest	$8,537	$10,264	$12,481
Middle	$5,465	$6,638	$7,821
Second lowest	$2,830	$3,881	$4,902
Lowest	$85	$1,119	$2,288
	Black or African American, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	$904	$5,458	$15,446
Sex
Female	$936	$5,035	$13,044
Male	$870	$6,156	$17,667
Country of birth
United States	$910	$5,427	$15,228
Other countries	$874	$5,750	$16,499
Age
31–39	$997	$5,045	$14,600
40–49	$1,121	$5,973	$16,706
50–59	$1,291	$6,263	$16,539
60–69	$678	$4,404	$12,856
70 or older	$85	$3,404	$10,265
Marital status
Married	$1,047	$6,179	$17,249
Divorced	$808	$5,591	$15,390
Widowed	$193	$4,305	$11,251
Never married	$919	$4,869	$13,814
Highest education level
Graduate	$2,262	$11,695	$20,795
Bachelor	$1,536	$8,783	$19,280
Associate	$885	$5,524	$13,256
High school	$758	$4,420	$10,750
Less than high school	$317	$3,153	$8,349
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$3,517	$13,430	$20,795
Second highest	$2,507	$9,243	$18,527
Middle	$2,255	$7,670	$13,748
Second lowest	$1,881	$6,195	$9,206
Lowest	$215	$2,496	$5,158
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$13,814	$17,601	$20,795
Second highest	$8,428	$10,043	$12,443
Middle	$5,413	$6,524	$7,769
Second lowest	$2,768	$3,798	$4,900
Lowest	$85	$1,146	$2,326
	All other races, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	$1,172	$7,734	$20,795
Sex
Female	$957	$6,012	$20,795
Male	$1,469	$9,224	$20,795
Country of birth
United States	$1,094	$7,047	$20,795
Other countries	$1,297	$8,175	$20,795
Age
31–39	$1,337	$8,010	$20,795
40–49	$1,319	$8,721	$20,795
50–59	$1,442	$8,107	$20,795
60–69	$856	$5,320	$18,747
70 or older	$85	$5,371	$14,834
Marital status
Married	$1,307	$7,883	$20,795
Divorced	$923	$6,543	$19,548
Widowed	$711	$5,019	$20,795
Never married	$1,145	$8,110	$20,795
Highest education level
Graduate	$2,425	$14,753	$20,795
Bachelor	$1,710	$10,115	$20,795
Associate	$991	$5,298	$14,590
High school	$735	$4,757	$13,855
Less than high school	$268	$3,282	$9,554
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$4,749	$20,044	$20,795
Second highest	$2,960	$11,672	$20,795
Middle	$1,705	$8,604	$14,061
Second lowest	$1,490	$6,018	$9,407
Lowest	$264	$2,474	$5,066
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$14,777	$20,795	$20,795
Second highest	$8,613	$10,397	$12,532
Middle	$5,409	$6,550	$7,849
Second lowest	$2,838	$3,902	$4,959
Lowest	$85	$1,114	$2,297
SOURCE: SSA Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, MINT 8.23. Run ID: SB PopProfiles 03/06/2024.
NOTE: Providing these estimates does not imply SSA support for the proposal, nor is SSA responsible for any interpretations of these estimates.

Projected Distribution of Social Security Taxes Paid in 2030
POPULATION: Current-law payroll taxpayers aged 31 or older (characteristics)
Characteristic	Annual Social Security taxes paid (2024 $) at the—
Characteristic	10th percentile	Median	90th percentile
	All taxpayers
Total	$1,268	$7,192	$20,737
Sex
Female	$1,079	$6,155	$16,717
Male	$1,508	$8,329	$22,876
Race and ethnicity
Hispanic or Latino, any race	$976	$5,634	$14,987
White, non-Hispanic	$1,436	$8,073	$21,544
Black or African American, non-Hispanic	$1,080	$5,957	$16,643
All other races, non-Hispanic	$1,319	$8,362	$22,876
Country of birth
United States	$1,386	$7,558	$20,593
Other countries	$915	$5,938	$21,729
Age
31–39	$1,385	$7,258	$19,782
40–49	$1,447	$7,837	$22,876
50–59	$1,571	$7,756	$22,399
60–69	$1,192	$5,826	$17,568
70 or older	$94	$6,080	$16,208
Marital status
Married	$1,279	$7,453	$21,735
Divorced	$1,377	$7,165	$19,455
Widowed	$762	$5,508	$15,133
Never married	$1,281	$6,912	$19,723
Highest education level
Graduate	$2,465	$12,640	$22,876
Bachelor	$1,818	$10,582	$22,876
Associate	$1,376	$6,679	$15,824
High school	$965	$5,515	$13,356
Less than high school	$692	$4,580	$11,697
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$4,366	$16,855	$22,876
Second highest	$3,031	$10,832	$20,799
Middle	$2,159	$8,287	$14,594
Second lowest	$1,531	$6,537	$9,873
Lowest	$231	$2,671	$5,593
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$15,393	$20,737	$22,876
Second highest	$9,334	$11,179	$13,764
Middle	$5,982	$7,192	$8,575
Second lowest	$3,146	$4,283	$5,395
Lowest	$94	$1,268	$2,563
	Hispanic or Latino, any race
Subtotal	$976	$5,634	$14,987
Sex
Female	$857	$4,642	$11,361
Male	$1,087	$6,439	$17,617
Country of birth
United States	$1,239	$6,332	$16,292
Other countries	$725	$4,909	$13,063
Age
31–39	$1,126	$6,041	$14,931
40–49	$988	$5,774	$16,604
50–59	$1,130	$5,920	$15,001
60–69	$700	$4,359	$11,158
70 or older	$94	$4,076	$12,219
Marital status
Married	$969	$5,591	$15,563
Divorced	$1,038	$5,774	$15,123
Widowed	$415	$3,388	$9,378
Never married	$1,098	$5,875	$14,367
Highest education level
Graduate	$1,624	$8,836	$22,876
Bachelor	$1,148	$7,446	$22,876
Associate	$1,101	$6,371	$14,961
High school	$950	$5,311	$12,632
Less than high school	$810	$4,779	$11,878
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$3,009	$12,153	$22,876
Second highest	$2,317	$8,880	$19,826
Middle	$1,964	$7,012	$13,384
Second lowest	$1,516	$6,036	$9,436
Lowest	$185	$2,594	$5,590
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$15,495	$20,297	$22,876
Second highest	$9,256	$10,856	$13,536
Middle	$5,964	$7,101	$8,518
Second lowest	$3,134	$4,283	$5,380
Lowest	$94	$1,332	$2,605
	White, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	$1,436	$8,073	$21,544
Sex
Female	$1,136	$6,791	$17,314
Male	$1,757	$9,366	$22,876
Country of birth
United States	$1,468	$8,169	$21,384
Other countries	$1,105	$6,986	$22,876
Age
31–39	$1,487	$8,171	$20,519
40–49	$1,744	$8,985	$22,876
50–59	$1,979	$8,976	$22,876
60–69	$1,391	$6,434	$18,491
70 or older	$94	$6,447	$16,608
Marital status
Married	$1,443	$8,266	$22,183
Divorced	$1,556	$7,777	$20,878
Widowed	$1,039	$6,137	$16,305
Never married	$1,436	$8,131	$21,192
Highest education level
Graduate	$2,521	$12,812	$22,876
Bachelor	$2,202	$11,068	$22,876
Associate	$1,466	$7,010	$16,249
High school	$1,002	$5,863	$13,776
Less than high school	$596	$4,583	$12,254
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$4,700	$16,922	$22,876
Second highest	$3,151	$11,202	$20,629
Middle	$2,251	$8,755	$14,681
Second lowest	$1,413	$6,676	$9,985
Lowest	$231	$2,686	$5,621
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$15,358	$20,462	$22,876
Second highest	$9,355	$11,296	$13,810
Middle	$5,994	$7,251	$8,597
Second lowest	$3,159	$4,283	$5,407
Lowest	$94	$1,239	$2,541
	Black or African American, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	$1,080	$5,957	$16,643
Sex
Female	$1,166	$5,400	$14,524
Male	$990	$6,707	$19,105
Country of birth
United States	$1,147	$5,921	$16,452
Other countries	$743	$6,112	$17,863
Age
31–39	$1,202	$5,564	$16,393
40–49	$1,400	$6,570	$18,217
50–59	$1,040	$6,500	$18,050
60–69	$945	$4,925	$13,885
70 or older	$94	$5,014	$14,603
Marital status
Married	$1,288	$6,492	$19,128
Divorced	$977	$6,155	$16,343
Widowed	$365	$4,898	$13,617
Never married	$1,127	$5,458	$15,294
Highest education level
Graduate	$2,757	$12,256	$22,876
Bachelor	$1,474	$9,573	$21,022
Associate	$1,475	$5,720	$13,880
High school	$874	$4,861	$11,693
Less than high school	$396	$3,536	$8,952
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$3,674	$14,571	$22,876
Second highest	$3,027	$10,604	$20,748
Middle	$2,335	$7,917	$14,643
Second lowest	$2,167	$6,691	$9,805
Lowest	$278	$2,765	$5,491
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$15,158	$19,617	$22,876
Second highest	$9,309	$10,987	$13,746
Middle	$5,959	$7,181	$8,553
Second lowest	$3,137	$4,236	$5,379
Lowest	$94	$1,356	$2,582
	All other races, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	$1,319	$8,362	$22,876
Sex
Female	$1,156	$7,077	$22,876
Male	$1,461	$9,824	$22,876
Country of birth
United States	$1,319	$8,133	$22,876
Other countries	$1,325	$8,611	$22,876
Age
31–39	$1,581	$9,388	$22,876
40–49	$1,265	$9,511	$22,876
50–59	$1,609	$8,638	$22,876
60–69	$919	$6,494	$22,876
70 or older	$94	$6,439	$14,400
Marital status
Married	$1,233	$8,589	$22,876
Divorced	$1,312	$7,177	$22,876
Widowed	$832	$6,098	$20,317
Never married	$1,574	$9,006	$22,876
Highest education level
Graduate	$2,905	$15,514	$22,876
Bachelor	$1,242	$10,305	$22,876
Associate	$1,005	$5,774	$16,327
High school	$913	$5,327	$16,679
Less than high school	$687	$3,148	$9,560
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$5,293	$22,831	$22,876
Second highest	$3,409	$13,171	$22,876
Middle	$1,621	$8,738	$15,414
Second lowest	$1,608	$6,326	$10,079
Lowest	$218	$2,553	$5,639
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$16,153	$22,876	$22,876
Second highest	$9,323	$11,055	$13,733
Middle	$5,975	$7,082	$8,519
Second lowest	$3,128	$4,351	$5,345
Lowest	$94	$1,233	$2,549
SOURCE: SSA Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, MINT 8.23. Run ID: SB PopProfiles 03/06/2024.
NOTE: Providing these estimates does not imply SSA support for the proposal, nor is SSA responsible for any interpretations of these estimates.

Projected Distribution of Social Security Taxes Paid in 2050
POPULATION: Current-law payroll taxpayers aged 31 or older (characteristics)
Characteristic	Annual Social Security taxes paid (2024 $) at the—
Characteristic	10th percentile	Median	90th percentile
	All taxpayers
Total	$1,600	$9,179	$26,697
Sex
Female	$1,420	$8,001	$21,976
Male	$1,846	$10,404	$29,336
Race and ethnicity
Hispanic or Latino, any race	$1,314	$7,423	$19,782
White, non-Hispanic	$1,795	$10,141	$27,666
Black or African American, non-Hispanic	$1,270	$7,695	$21,637
All other races, non-Hispanic	$1,999	$12,095	$29,336
Country of birth
United States	$1,717	$9,469	$26,344
Other countries	$1,261	$8,063	$28,359
Age
31–39	$1,915	$9,356	$25,613
40–49	$1,834	$9,893	$29,336
50–59	$1,996	$9,728	$28,749
60–69	$1,289	$7,282	$23,723
70 or older	$119	$8,103	$20,301
Marital status
Married	$1,622	$9,403	$27,506
Divorced	$1,631	$9,311	$25,620
Widowed	$654	$6,853	$20,301
Never married	$1,663	$8,904	$26,585
Highest education level
Graduate	$3,083	$15,346	$29,336
Bachelor	$2,369	$12,997	$29,336
Associate	$1,588	$8,446	$20,061
High school	$1,196	$6,897	$17,423
Less than high school	$872	$5,779	$15,575
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$5,859	$22,627	$29,336
Second highest	$4,107	$14,222	$26,052
Middle	$2,820	$10,606	$17,912
Second lowest	$2,054	$8,187	$12,008
Lowest	$215	$3,180	$6,743
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$19,879	$26,697	$29,336
Second highest	$11,889	$14,302	$17,718
Middle	$7,608	$9,179	$10,897
Second lowest	$3,948	$5,386	$6,848
Lowest	$119	$1,600	$3,193
	Hispanic or Latino, any race
Subtotal	$1,314	$7,423	$19,782
Sex
Female	$1,127	$6,186	$15,458
Male	$1,567	$8,572	$23,393
Country of birth
United States	$1,568	$8,109	$20,572
Other countries	$952	$6,298	$17,774
Age
31–39	$1,657	$8,090	$19,632
40–49	$1,491	$7,981	$21,870
50–59	$1,635	$7,551	$19,867
60–69	$677	$5,543	$14,970
70 or older	$119	$6,021	$17,442
Marital status
Married	$1,263	$7,327	$19,983
Divorced	$1,447	$7,956	$20,920
Widowed	$646	$5,028	$14,787
Never married	$1,456	$7,563	$19,522
Highest education level
Graduate	$2,218	$11,141	$29,336
Bachelor	$1,737	$9,921	$29,336
Associate	$1,399	$8,333	$19,080
High school	$1,302	$6,813	$16,483
Less than high school	$1,011	$6,127	$15,680
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$4,007	$17,596	$29,336
Second highest	$3,386	$11,782	$24,579
Middle	$2,529	$9,340	$16,423
Second lowest	$2,177	$7,981	$11,730
Lowest	$223	$3,093	$6,732
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$19,732	$25,903	$29,336
Second highest	$11,720	$13,737	$17,284
Middle	$7,630	$9,131	$10,857
Second lowest	$3,936	$5,381	$6,846
Lowest	$119	$1,737	$3,223
	White, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	$1,795	$10,141	$27,666
Sex
Female	$1,488	$8,790	$22,636
Male	$2,090	$11,588	$29,336
Country of birth
United States	$1,856	$10,268	$27,643
Other countries	$1,229	$8,700	$28,292
Age
31–39	$1,999	$10,304	$26,516
40–49	$2,020	$11,206	$29,336
50–59	$2,521	$11,008	$29,336
60–69	$1,587	$8,111	$24,668
70 or older	$119	$8,618	$20,535
Marital status
Married	$1,861	$10,261	$28,334
Divorced	$1,777	$10,085	$26,171
Widowed	$678	$7,511	$20,860
Never married	$1,825	$10,262	$28,182
Highest education level
Graduate	$3,263	$15,805	$29,336
Bachelor	$2,494	$13,378	$29,336
Associate	$1,710	$8,826	$20,302
High school	$1,214	$7,265	$17,555
Less than high school	$645	$5,535	$15,946
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$6,167	$22,267	$29,336
Second highest	$4,419	$14,714	$25,707
Middle	$2,889	$10,942	$18,062
Second lowest	$1,888	$8,089	$12,121
Lowest	$189	$3,139	$6,750
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$19,815	$26,446	$29,336
Second highest	$11,949	$14,468	$17,775
Middle	$7,592	$9,212	$10,906
Second lowest	$3,953	$5,387	$6,848
Lowest	$119	$1,535	$3,166
	Black or African American, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	$1,270	$7,695	$21,637
Sex
Female	$1,514	$7,241	$18,853
Male	$1,022	$8,126	$24,896
Country of birth
United States	$1,315	$7,704	$21,292
Other countries	$992	$7,627	$23,887
Age
31–39	$1,698	$7,564	$19,917
40–49	$1,463	$8,492	$24,378
50–59	$1,384	$8,144	$23,622
60–69	$752	$6,084	$18,604
70 or older	$119	$7,204	$16,551
Marital status
Married	$1,296	$8,354	$24,101
Divorced	$1,257	$7,678	$21,448
Widowed	$119	$5,901	$17,633
Never married	$1,342	$7,402	$20,474
Highest education level
Graduate	$2,850	$14,268	$29,336
Bachelor	$2,471	$11,274	$26,380
Associate	$1,323	$7,265	$17,849
High school	$993	$5,935	$15,774
Less than high school	$576	$4,741	$12,664
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$5,300	$20,250	$29,336
Second highest	$3,577	$14,262	$26,543
Middle	$3,170	$11,363	$18,323
Second lowest	$2,769	$8,435	$12,106
Lowest	$271	$3,331	$6,678
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$19,687	$25,070	$29,336
Second highest	$11,860	$14,224	$17,783
Middle	$7,613	$9,102	$10,922
Second lowest	$3,963	$5,381	$6,844
Lowest	$119	$1,599	$3,232
	All other races, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	$1,999	$12,095	$29,336
Sex
Female	$1,768	$10,192	$29,336
Male	$2,271	$15,176	$29,336
Country of birth
United States	$1,984	$12,019	$29,336
Other countries	$2,002	$12,145	$29,336
Age
31–39	$2,588	$12,909	$29,336
40–49	$2,511	$14,653	$29,336
50–59	$2,259	$11,761	$29,336
60–69	$1,290	$9,093	$29,336
70 or older	$143	$10,748	$23,989
Marital status
Married	$1,828	$12,308	$29,336
Divorced	$1,534	$10,274	$29,336
Widowed	$1,267	$8,071	$22,611
Never married	$2,341	$12,568	$29,336
Highest education level
Graduate	$3,435	$18,959	$29,336
Bachelor	$2,373	$15,828	$29,336
Associate	$1,643	$7,789	$22,934
High school	$1,049	$7,150	$26,517
Less than high school	$769	$4,574	$20,904
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$7,625	$29,277	$29,336
Second highest	$4,702	$19,376	$28,763
Middle	$2,831	$12,145	$18,971
Second lowest	$2,317	$8,637	$12,095
Lowest	$296	$3,301	$6,876
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$20,676	$29,336	$29,336
Second highest	$12,019	$14,675	$17,886
Middle	$7,625	$9,291	$10,966
Second lowest	$3,932	$5,406	$6,862
Lowest	$119	$1,503	$3,179
SOURCE: SSA Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, MINT 8.23. Run ID: SB PopProfiles 03/06/2024.
NOTE: Providing these estimates does not imply SSA support for the proposal, nor is SSA responsible for any interpretations of these estimates.

Projected Distribution of Social Security Taxes Paid in 2070
POPULATION: Current-law payroll taxpayers aged 31 or older (characteristics)
Characteristic	Annual Social Security taxes paid (2024 $) at the—
Characteristic	10th percentile	Median	90th percentile
	All taxpayers
Total	$1,918	$11,527	$33,826
Sex
Female	$1,733	$10,154	$28,060
Male	$2,183	$13,017	$36,649
Race and ethnicity
Hispanic or Latino, any race	$1,596	$9,512	$25,511
White, non-Hispanic	$2,147	$12,872	$34,526
Black or African American, non-Hispanic	$1,590	$9,702	$27,144
All other races, non-Hispanic	$2,660	$16,248	$36,649
Country of birth
United States	$2,046	$11,857	$32,928
Other countries	$1,605	$10,424	$36,649
Age
31–39	$2,251	$11,674	$32,105
40–49	$2,293	$12,420	$36,649
50–59	$2,398	$12,229	$36,649
60–69	$1,680	$9,250	$30,040
70 or older	$149	$10,894	$26,182
Marital status
Married	$1,957	$11,822	$34,737
Divorced	$2,066	$11,617	$32,815
Widowed	$645	$8,927	$24,962
Never married	$1,907	$11,226	$33,861
Highest education level
Graduate	$3,560	$18,760	$36,649
Bachelor	$2,871	$16,889	$36,649
Associate	$1,851	$10,630	$25,770
High school	$1,497	$8,744	$21,773
Less than high school	$1,075	$7,280	$19,246
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$7,568	$28,899	$36,649
Second highest	$5,249	$18,099	$32,948
Middle	$3,812	$13,312	$22,325
Second lowest	$2,490	$10,088	$15,001
Lowest	$232	$3,923	$8,421
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$25,122	$33,819	$36,649
Second highest	$14,944	$18,065	$22,344
Middle	$9,578	$11,527	$13,684
Second lowest	$4,944	$6,769	$8,638
Lowest	$149	$1,918	$3,999
	Hispanic or Latino, any race
Subtotal	$1,596	$9,512	$25,511
Sex
Female	$1,305	$8,043	$20,917
Male	$1,980	$10,721	$29,806
Country of birth
United States	$1,820	$10,177	$26,458
Other countries	$1,216	$7,900	$22,417
Age
31–39	$1,917	$10,219	$25,332
40–49	$1,881	$10,083	$29,422
50–59	$1,912	$9,816	$26,008
60–69	$1,043	$6,954	$19,710
70 or older	$149	$7,110	$21,248
Marital status
Married	$1,534	$9,505	$26,143
Divorced	$1,809	$10,055	$25,668
Widowed	$149	$5,831	$18,017
Never married	$1,680	$9,547	$24,613
Highest education level
Graduate	$2,298	$13,564	$36,649
Bachelor	$2,430	$13,778	$36,649
Associate	$1,723	$10,420	$24,275
High school	$1,611	$8,519	$20,339
Less than high school	$1,220	$7,645	$19,477
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$5,174	$22,309	$36,649
Second highest	$4,253	$15,054	$31,284
Middle	$3,314	$11,855	$20,682
Second lowest	$2,607	$9,932	$14,568
Lowest	$232	$3,902	$8,342
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$25,025	$33,388	$36,649
Second highest	$14,816	$17,642	$22,049
Middle	$9,607	$11,455	$13,638
Second lowest	$4,914	$6,737	$8,597
Lowest	$149	$2,049	$4,040
	White, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	$2,147	$12,872	$34,526
Sex
Female	$1,954	$11,414	$28,627
Male	$2,332	$14,388	$36,649
Country of birth
United States	$2,207	$13,059	$34,273
Other countries	$1,645	$10,804	$36,649
Age
31–39	$2,472	$13,123	$33,220
40–49	$2,552	$14,480	$36,649
50–59	$3,009	$14,021	$36,649
60–69	$1,907	$10,103	$30,847
70 or older	$149	$11,320	$26,323
Marital status
Married	$2,227	$13,121	$35,540
Divorced	$2,352	$12,712	$34,526
Widowed	$1,042	$10,245	$26,534
Never married	$1,872	$12,727	$32,931
Highest education level
Graduate	$3,812	$19,331	$36,649
Bachelor	$3,120	$17,023	$36,649
Associate	$1,894	$11,109	$25,955
High school	$1,466	$9,176	$21,937
Less than high school	$927	$6,703	$18,542
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$8,360	$28,165	$36,649
Second highest	$5,490	$18,376	$32,289
Middle	$3,984	$13,952	$22,667
Second lowest	$2,263	$10,054	$15,169
Lowest	$216	$3,820	$8,409
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$24,927	$32,994	$36,649
Second highest	$15,017	$18,196	$22,417
Middle	$9,585	$11,649	$13,703
Second lowest	$4,964	$6,808	$8,666
Lowest	$149	$1,809	$3,964
	Black or African American, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	$1,590	$9,702	$27,144
Sex
Female	$1,898	$9,242	$23,574
Male	$1,187	$10,381	$31,129
Country of birth
United States	$1,546	$9,617	$26,785
Other countries	$1,835	$10,259	$29,357
Age
31–39	$1,903	$9,361	$26,424
40–49	$1,643	$10,115	$28,989
50–59	$1,805	$10,334	$28,970
60–69	$1,664	$8,331	$25,649
70 or older	$149	$10,406	$23,454
Marital status
Married	$1,888	$10,657	$30,869
Divorced	$1,822	$10,429	$27,319
Widowed	$149	$8,427	$20,612
Never married	$1,473	$9,116	$25,545
Highest education level
Graduate	$2,534	$17,204	$36,649
Bachelor	$2,546	$15,228	$34,567
Associate	$1,883	$9,832	$22,775
High school	$1,187	$7,681	$19,712
Less than high school	$629	$5,954	$15,155
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$6,070	$25,332	$36,649
Second highest	$5,833	$18,460	$32,797
Middle	$4,392	$14,361	$22,965
Second lowest	$3,021	$10,417	$15,125
Lowest	$318	$4,201	$8,509
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$24,799	$31,323	$36,649
Second highest	$14,898	$17,962	$22,401
Middle	$9,526	$11,372	$13,658
Second lowest	$4,953	$6,686	$8,586
Lowest	$149	$1,898	$4,012
	All other races, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	$2,660	$16,248	$36,649
Sex
Female	$2,150	$13,086	$36,649
Male	$3,231	$20,243	$36,649
Country of birth
United States	$2,820	$15,783	$36,649
Other countries	$2,596	$16,580	$36,649
Age
31–39	$2,694	$16,539	$36,649
40–49	$3,163	$18,771	$36,649
50–59	$2,860	$17,501	$36,649
60–69	$2,347	$13,830	$36,649
70 or older	$1,035	$14,338	$30,293
Marital status
Married	$2,537	$15,709	$36,649
Divorced	$1,764	$14,612	$36,649
Widowed	$2,595	$10,492	$30,012
Never married	$3,117	$17,712	$36,649
Highest education level
Graduate	$4,687	$24,366	$36,649
Bachelor	$3,163	$20,134	$36,649
Associate	$1,975	$9,594	$29,960
High school	$1,772	$10,488	$35,357
Less than high school	$493	$5,075	$22,220
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$10,638	$36,649	$36,649
Second highest	$6,760	$24,066	$36,589
Middle	$4,008	$15,488	$23,719
Second lowest	$2,702	$10,601	$15,292
Lowest	$184	$3,904	$8,638
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$26,467	$36,649	$36,649
Second highest	$15,052	$18,520	$22,477
Middle	$9,526	$11,496	$13,764
Second lowest	$4,910	$6,858	$8,683
Lowest	$149	$2,079	$3,965
SOURCE: SSA Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, MINT 8.23. Run ID: SB PopProfiles 03/06/2024.
NOTE: Providing these estimates does not imply SSA support for the proposal, nor is SSA responsible for any interpretations of these estimates.

Projected Covered Earnings Distribution (Not Capped) in 2024
POPULATION: Current-law payroll taxpayers aged 31 or older (characteristics)
Characteristic	Individual covered earnings (2024 $) at the—
Characteristic	10th percentile	Median	90th percentile
	All taxpayers
Total	$9,225	$53,210	$152,084
Sex
Female	$7,595	$44,623	$120,788
Male	$11,198	$62,066	$171,889
Race and ethnicity
Hispanic or Latino, any race	$7,732	$41,496	$108,793
White, non-Hispanic	$10,266	$58,601	$158,415
Black or African American, non-Hispanic	$7,293	$44,017	$124,565
All other races, non-Hispanic	$9,450	$62,374	$211,157
Country of birth
United States	$9,790	$55,218	$150,593
Other countries	$7,610	$44,675	$157,680
Age
31–39	$9,131	$52,739	$144,027
40–49	$10,568	$57,248	$170,237
50–59	$13,610	$59,495	$166,260
60–69	$7,377	$40,445	$123,117
70 or older	$686	$43,731	$118,621
Marital status
Married	$9,455	$55,140	$159,007
Divorced	$9,374	$53,411	$144,019
Widowed	$6,135	$39,186	$111,345
Never married	$9,102	$49,486	$143,003
Highest education level
Graduate	$17,169	$94,579	$251,805
Bachelor	$13,285	$78,134	$197,690
Associate	$10,482	$50,753	$119,003
High school	$7,235	$40,684	$97,499
Less than high school	$4,936	$33,273	$85,620
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$28,742	$123,114	$305,257
Second highest	$21,858	$79,458	$153,431
Middle	$16,255	$60,884	$108,328
Second lowest	$11,249	$48,502	$73,723
Lowest	$1,937	$19,538	$41,204
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$112,796	$152,101	$305,257
Second highest	$68,665	$82,065	$100,545
Middle	$43,883	$53,210	$62,990
Second lowest	$22,693	$31,224	$39,487
Lowest	$686	$9,227	$18,577
	Hispanic or Latino, any race
Subtotal	$7,732	$41,496	$108,793
Sex
Female	$6,027	$34,106	$82,049
Male	$9,513	$48,055	$128,364
Country of birth
United States	$8,786	$45,234	$120,104
Other countries	$6,795	$37,781	$97,652
Age
31–39	$8,108	$41,837	$104,146
40–49	$7,379	$44,155	$119,097
50–59	$9,591	$43,710	$107,797
60–69	$6,344	$30,462	$79,634
70 or older	$686	$34,424	$98,527
Marital status
Married	$7,397	$41,895	$111,639
Divorced	$9,585	$44,270	$111,631
Widowed	$6,429	$32,123	$76,046
Never married	$7,597	$40,664	$101,330
Highest education level
Graduate	$15,542	$70,999	$203,092
Bachelor	$8,762	$59,294	$188,226
Associate	$8,848	$49,895	$112,221
High school	$7,610	$38,427	$90,526
Less than high school	$5,929	$35,163	$87,593
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$20,013	$87,255	$265,751
Second highest	$17,512	$62,185	$144,689
Middle	$18,058	$54,636	$100,596
Second lowest	$12,264	$45,570	$71,462
Lowest	$1,745	$18,875	$40,278
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$112,284	$149,282	$292,827
Second highest	$68,064	$78,831	$99,641
Middle	$43,699	$52,681	$62,737
Second lowest	$22,637	$31,315	$39,326
Lowest	$761	$10,113	$18,635
	White, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	$10,266	$58,601	$158,415
Sex
Female	$8,069	$49,007	$124,562
Male	$12,879	$68,764	$179,325
Country of birth
United States	$10,494	$59,046	$157,167
Other countries	$7,459	$50,202	$172,699
Age
31–39	$9,918	$59,225	$148,403
40–49	$12,006	$64,561	$181,232
50–59	$15,965	$66,534	$175,039
60–69	$8,065	$43,532	$130,292
70 or older	$686	$46,606	$123,334
Marital status
Married	$10,407	$60,047	$164,900
Divorced	$10,184	$56,880	$149,474
Widowed	$6,510	$42,793	$115,071
Never married	$10,950	$58,530	$151,493
Highest education level
Graduate	$16,733	$94,626	$243,560
Bachelor	$13,777	$81,592	$201,502
Associate	$11,093	$53,114	$121,840
High school	$7,455	$43,060	$101,252
Less than high school	$5,166	$33,168	$85,257
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$29,883	$123,582	$305,257
Second highest	$23,824	$82,946	$152,680
Middle	$15,833	$62,343	$108,984
Second lowest	$10,271	$49,295	$74,293
Lowest	$2,062	$19,517	$41,466
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$112,588	$149,943	$304,148
Second highest	$68,851	$82,775	$100,657
Middle	$44,069	$53,535	$63,072
Second lowest	$22,820	$31,302	$39,534
Lowest	$686	$9,022	$18,454
	Black or African American, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	$7,293	$44,017	$124,565
Sex
Female	$7,552	$40,605	$105,191
Male	$7,018	$49,645	$142,478
Country of birth
United States	$7,335	$43,770	$122,808
Other countries	$7,046	$46,372	$133,057
Age
31–39	$8,040	$40,689	$117,745
40–49	$9,041	$48,169	$134,727
50–59	$10,412	$50,511	$133,378
60–69	$5,467	$35,517	$103,681
70 or older	$686	$27,454	$82,784
Marital status
Married	$8,442	$49,827	$139,104
Divorced	$6,514	$45,091	$124,116
Widowed	$1,556	$34,714	$90,735
Never married	$7,410	$39,270	$111,401
Highest education level
Graduate	$18,246	$94,311	$228,672
Bachelor	$12,384	$70,829	$155,480
Associate	$7,140	$44,548	$106,900
High school	$6,109	$35,646	$86,692
Less than high school	$2,553	$25,425	$67,330
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$28,366	$108,308	$250,808
Second highest	$20,214	$74,538	$149,409
Middle	$18,185	$61,855	$110,867
Second lowest	$15,167	$49,961	$74,242
Lowest	$1,733	$20,133	$41,600
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$111,401	$141,941	$248,023
Second highest	$67,971	$80,994	$100,346
Middle	$43,649	$52,612	$62,654
Second lowest	$22,321	$30,631	$39,515
Lowest	$686	$9,242	$18,757
	All other races, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	$9,450	$62,374	$211,157
Sex
Female	$7,715	$48,483	$192,542
Male	$11,850	$74,389	$227,497
Country of birth
United States	$8,826	$56,831	$191,527
Other countries	$10,456	$65,925	$223,967
Age
31–39	$10,779	$64,596	$227,098
40–49	$10,635	$70,328	$232,936
50–59	$11,630	$65,380	$218,023
60–69	$6,899	$42,906	$151,189
70 or older	$686	$43,311	$119,625
Marital status
Married	$10,537	$63,569	$218,650
Divorced	$7,443	$52,763	$157,641
Widowed	$5,736	$40,476	$191,838
Never married	$9,237	$65,405	$209,112
Highest education level
Graduate	$19,553	$118,975	$339,947
Bachelor	$13,792	$81,574	$213,727
Associate	$7,991	$42,724	$117,659
High school	$5,927	$38,362	$111,734
Less than high school	$2,164	$26,469	$77,046
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$38,295	$161,643	$369,947
Second highest	$23,868	$94,132	$171,357
Middle	$13,749	$69,385	$113,395
Second lowest	$12,018	$48,535	$75,860
Lowest	$2,133	$19,953	$40,854
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$119,172	$174,834	$367,668
Second highest	$69,457	$83,849	$101,062
Middle	$43,624	$52,825	$63,297
Second lowest	$22,889	$31,466	$39,992
Lowest	$686	$8,987	$18,526
SOURCE: SSA Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, MINT 8.23. Run ID: SB PopProfiles 03/06/2024.
NOTE: Providing these estimates does not imply SSA support for the proposal, nor is SSA responsible for any interpretations of these estimates.

Projected Covered Earnings Distribution (Not Capped) in 2030
POPULATION: Current-law payroll taxpayers aged 31 or older (characteristics)
Characteristic	Individual covered earnings (2024 $) at the—
Characteristic	10th percentile	Median	90th percentile
	All taxpayers
Total	$10,230	$57,998	$167,235
Sex
Female	$8,698	$49,636	$134,812
Male	$12,164	$67,169	$189,085
Race and ethnicity
Hispanic or Latino, any race	$7,870	$45,437	$120,861
White, non-Hispanic	$11,579	$65,107	$173,742
Black or African American, non-Hispanic	$8,709	$48,038	$134,218
All other races, non-Hispanic	$10,637	$67,432	$241,087
Country of birth
United States	$11,176	$60,949	$166,074
Other countries	$7,383	$47,885	$175,231
Age
31–39	$11,167	$58,530	$159,535
40–49	$11,667	$63,204	$196,003
50–59	$12,666	$62,550	$180,640
60–69	$9,617	$46,984	$141,674
70 or older	$756	$49,034	$130,710
Marital status
Married	$10,313	$60,106	$175,283
Divorced	$11,101	$57,786	$156,895
Widowed	$6,144	$44,423	$122,040
Never married	$10,330	$55,741	$159,055
Highest education level
Graduate	$19,876	$101,938	$272,025
Bachelor	$14,663	$85,336	$213,153
Associate	$11,093	$53,865	$127,610
High school	$7,781	$44,475	$107,714
Less than high school	$5,578	$36,939	$94,330
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$35,208	$135,925	$343,253
Second highest	$24,446	$87,355	$167,737
Middle	$17,408	$66,830	$117,697
Second lowest	$12,350	$52,718	$79,619
Lowest	$1,866	$21,537	$45,105
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$124,134	$167,235	$343,253
Second highest	$75,274	$90,157	$110,997
Middle	$48,244	$58,001	$69,157
Second lowest	$25,372	$34,537	$43,509
Lowest	$756	$10,229	$20,673
	Hispanic or Latino, any race
Subtotal	$7,870	$45,437	$120,861
Sex
Female	$6,915	$37,432	$91,625
Male	$8,767	$51,929	$142,071
Country of birth
United States	$9,996	$51,062	$131,386
Other countries	$5,844	$39,585	$105,349
Age
31–39	$9,084	$48,715	$120,415
40–49	$7,970	$46,563	$133,900
50–59	$9,111	$47,742	$120,973
60–69	$5,646	$35,152	$89,986
70 or older	$756	$32,869	$98,538
Marital status
Married	$7,812	$45,087	$125,508
Divorced	$8,369	$46,567	$121,961
Widowed	$3,351	$27,319	$75,630
Never married	$8,856	$47,379	$115,859
Highest education level
Graduate	$13,097	$71,255	$209,826
Bachelor	$9,256	$60,048	$196,699
Associate	$8,878	$51,380	$120,651
High school	$7,664	$42,831	$101,873
Less than high school	$6,529	$38,542	$95,791
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$24,263	$98,005	$284,577
Second highest	$18,683	$71,612	$159,889
Middle	$15,839	$56,550	$107,938
Second lowest	$12,228	$48,680	$76,099
Lowest	$1,488	$20,922	$45,077
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$124,960	$163,683	$297,759
Second highest	$74,643	$87,551	$109,164
Middle	$48,097	$57,263	$68,691
Second lowest	$25,277	$34,537	$43,390
Lowest	$756	$10,739	$21,010
	White, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	$11,579	$65,107	$173,742
Sex
Female	$9,164	$54,768	$139,626
Male	$14,173	$75,531	$196,404
Country of birth
United States	$11,842	$65,880	$172,453
Other countries	$8,913	$56,335	$193,651
Age
31–39	$11,995	$65,897	$165,474
40–49	$14,064	$72,461	$205,821
50–59	$15,960	$72,387	$189,307
60–69	$11,219	$51,888	$149,117
70 or older	$756	$51,995	$133,936
Marital status
Married	$11,637	$66,660	$178,897
Divorced	$12,548	$62,721	$168,369
Widowed	$8,381	$49,490	$131,495
Never married	$11,579	$65,575	$170,900
Highest education level
Graduate	$20,332	$103,319	$261,591
Bachelor	$17,760	$89,254	$216,548
Associate	$11,824	$56,533	$131,037
High school	$8,079	$47,286	$111,098
Less than high school	$4,810	$36,958	$98,824
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$37,902	$136,470	$339,282
Second highest	$25,415	$90,338	$166,362
Middle	$18,150	$70,607	$118,394
Second lowest	$11,393	$53,840	$80,526
Lowest	$1,867	$21,665	$45,330
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$123,851	$165,017	$339,282
Second highest	$75,443	$91,094	$111,372
Middle	$48,337	$58,472	$69,330
Second lowest	$25,477	$34,541	$43,607
Lowest	$756	$9,991	$20,489
	Black or African American, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	$8,709	$48,038	$134,218
Sex
Female	$9,403	$43,545	$117,132
Male	$7,986	$54,085	$154,070
Country of birth
United States	$9,250	$47,749	$132,681
Other countries	$5,988	$49,287	$144,053
Age
31–39	$9,697	$44,873	$132,198
40–49	$11,289	$52,987	$146,910
50–59	$8,388	$52,422	$145,563
60–69	$7,620	$39,722	$111,977
70 or older	$756	$40,435	$117,770
Marital status
Married	$10,388	$52,354	$154,261
Divorced	$7,879	$49,637	$131,800
Widowed	$2,946	$39,501	$109,813
Never married	$9,087	$44,015	$123,338
Highest education level
Graduate	$22,237	$98,839	$251,356
Bachelor	$11,886	$77,204	$169,536
Associate	$11,896	$46,128	$111,937
High school	$7,052	$39,202	$94,295
Less than high school	$3,192	$28,514	$72,194
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$29,626	$117,505	$281,235
Second highest	$24,415	$85,518	$167,320
Middle	$18,827	$63,850	$118,086
Second lowest	$17,475	$53,957	$79,069
Lowest	$2,241	$22,297	$44,281
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$122,243	$158,202	$272,863
Second highest	$75,070	$88,604	$110,854
Middle	$48,056	$57,912	$68,978
Second lowest	$25,295	$34,161	$43,379
Lowest	$756	$10,934	$20,824
	All other races, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	$10,637	$67,432	$241,087
Sex
Female	$9,325	$57,073	$227,211
Male	$11,781	$79,224	$249,589
Country of birth
United States	$10,637	$65,589	$220,378
Other countries	$10,683	$69,442	$247,507
Age
31–39	$12,753	$75,713	$231,747
40–49	$10,205	$76,700	$324,916
50–59	$12,972	$69,661	$241,087
60–69	$7,414	$52,368	$184,646
70 or older	$756	$51,924	$116,127
Marital status
Married	$9,943	$69,262	$244,661
Divorced	$10,583	$57,881	$190,289
Widowed	$6,711	$49,181	$163,846
Never married	$12,691	$72,629	$249,589
Highest education level
Graduate	$23,425	$125,112	$373,272
Bachelor	$10,019	$83,102	$241,827
Associate	$8,109	$46,562	$131,668
High school	$7,364	$42,962	$134,507
Less than high school	$5,537	$25,389	$77,095
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$42,687	$184,118	$419,747
Second highest	$27,492	$106,219	$185,524
Middle	$13,076	$70,469	$124,308
Second lowest	$12,971	$51,012	$81,285
Lowest	$1,759	$20,589	$45,478
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$130,265	$192,003	$413,757
Second highest	$75,181	$89,152	$110,747
Middle	$48,182	$57,109	$68,698
Second lowest	$25,223	$35,091	$43,101
Lowest	$756	$9,943	$20,556
SOURCE: SSA Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, MINT 8.23. Run ID: SB PopProfiles 03/06/2024.
NOTE: Providing these estimates does not imply SSA support for the proposal, nor is SSA responsible for any interpretations of these estimates.

Projected Covered Earnings Distribution (Not Capped) in 2050
POPULATION: Current-law payroll taxpayers aged 31 or older (characteristics)
Characteristic	Individual covered earnings (2024 $) at the—
Characteristic	10th percentile	Median	90th percentile
	All taxpayers
Total	$12,902	$74,023	$215,300
Sex
Female	$11,449	$64,525	$177,224
Male	$14,891	$83,904	$240,404
Race and ethnicity
Hispanic or Latino, any race	$10,598	$59,867	$159,532
White, non-Hispanic	$14,473	$81,783	$223,112
Black or African American, non-Hispanic	$10,244	$62,053	$174,489
All other races, non-Hispanic	$16,120	$97,541	$314,530
Country of birth
United States	$13,848	$76,360	$212,454
Other countries	$10,170	$65,026	$228,703
Age
31–39	$15,446	$75,452	$206,553
40–49	$14,792	$79,779	$246,682
50–59	$16,094	$78,453	$231,845
60–69	$10,395	$58,727	$191,318
70 or older	$959	$65,349	$163,719
Marital status
Married	$13,081	$75,828	$221,821
Divorced	$13,153	$75,085	$206,616
Widowed	$5,274	$55,268	$163,719
Never married	$13,415	$71,807	$214,398
Highest education level
Graduate	$24,865	$123,757	$330,807
Bachelor	$19,107	$104,813	$268,917
Associate	$12,810	$68,109	$161,781
High school	$9,646	$55,620	$140,506
Less than high school	$7,032	$46,604	$125,606
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$47,251	$182,474	$452,026
Second highest	$33,124	$114,696	$210,101
Middle	$22,742	$85,532	$144,453
Second lowest	$16,562	$66,025	$96,839
Lowest	$1,737	$25,649	$54,379
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$160,315	$215,296	$452,026
Second highest	$95,878	$115,338	$142,890
Middle	$61,351	$74,023	$87,875
Second lowest	$31,840	$43,434	$55,224
Lowest	$959	$12,902	$25,750
	Hispanic or Latino, any race
Subtotal	$10,598	$59,867	$159,532
Sex
Female	$9,091	$49,889	$124,664
Male	$12,639	$69,131	$188,650
Country of birth
United States	$12,646	$65,398	$165,900
Other countries	$7,677	$50,791	$143,339
Age
31–39	$13,363	$65,238	$158,322
40–49	$12,021	$64,362	$176,371
50–59	$13,185	$60,898	$160,218
60–69	$5,457	$44,702	$120,723
70 or older	$959	$48,554	$140,662
Marital status
Married	$10,182	$59,091	$161,152
Divorced	$11,669	$64,162	$168,710
Widowed	$5,212	$40,549	$119,253
Never married	$11,740	$60,989	$157,438
Highest education level
Graduate	$17,891	$89,846	$243,967
Bachelor	$14,011	$80,006	$242,209
Associate	$11,281	$67,199	$153,870
High school	$10,497	$54,940	$132,927
Less than high school	$8,151	$49,413	$126,451
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$32,311	$141,902	$367,167
Second highest	$27,307	$95,017	$198,216
Middle	$20,396	$75,320	$132,442
Second lowest	$17,558	$64,362	$94,593
Lowest	$1,797	$24,942	$54,290
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$159,130	$208,893	$386,741
Second highest	$94,518	$110,783	$139,384
Middle	$61,531	$73,641	$87,558
Second lowest	$31,743	$43,394	$55,214
Lowest	$959	$14,011	$25,991
	White, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	$14,473	$81,783	$223,112
Sex
Female	$12,000	$70,889	$182,546
Male	$16,856	$93,454	$249,457
Country of birth
United States	$14,966	$82,808	$222,925
Other countries	$9,914	$70,159	$228,159
Age
31–39	$16,117	$83,093	$213,840
40–49	$16,293	$90,373	$257,011
50–59	$20,328	$88,774	$243,089
60–69	$12,798	$65,413	$198,934
70 or older	$959	$69,500	$165,605
Marital status
Married	$15,005	$82,751	$228,498
Divorced	$14,335	$81,331	$211,059
Widowed	$5,465	$60,569	$168,227
Never married	$14,720	$82,761	$227,271
Highest education level
Graduate	$26,317	$127,456	$320,963
Bachelor	$20,110	$107,884	$268,947
Associate	$13,794	$71,179	$163,724
High school	$9,793	$58,585	$141,569
Less than high school	$5,201	$44,638	$128,599
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$49,735	$179,573	$449,598
Second highest	$35,635	$118,659	$207,315
Middle	$23,302	$88,243	$145,657
Second lowest	$15,223	$65,232	$97,752
Lowest	$1,527	$25,315	$54,438
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$159,795	$213,271	$451,485
Second highest	$96,367	$116,677	$143,348
Middle	$61,223	$74,293	$87,949
Second lowest	$31,876	$43,446	$55,222
Lowest	$959	$12,378	$25,529
	Black or African American, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	$10,244	$62,053	$174,489
Sex
Female	$12,208	$58,398	$152,037
Male	$8,245	$65,533	$200,773
Country of birth
United States	$10,603	$62,133	$171,712
Other countries	$7,999	$61,507	$192,634
Age
31–39	$13,690	$61,002	$160,625
40–49	$11,802	$68,483	$196,595
50–59	$11,160	$65,681	$190,502
60–69	$6,066	$49,064	$150,030
70 or older	$959	$58,094	$133,479
Marital status
Married	$10,453	$67,373	$194,362
Divorced	$10,141	$61,918	$172,964
Widowed	$959	$47,586	$142,204
Never married	$10,824	$59,696	$165,116
Highest education level
Graduate	$22,982	$115,066	$264,430
Bachelor	$19,928	$90,916	$212,743
Associate	$10,669	$58,585	$143,947
High school	$8,009	$47,866	$127,213
Less than high school	$4,646	$38,231	$102,129
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$42,741	$163,304	$410,563
Second highest	$28,845	$115,015	$214,060
Middle	$25,564	$91,635	$147,765
Second lowest	$22,333	$68,025	$97,630
Lowest	$2,184	$26,862	$53,854
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$158,767	$202,176	$379,155
Second highest	$95,644	$114,708	$143,411
Middle	$61,393	$73,400	$88,081
Second lowest	$31,957	$43,397	$55,191
Lowest	$959	$12,894	$26,064
	All other races, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	$16,120	$97,541	$314,530
Sex
Female	$14,256	$82,193	$306,698
Male	$18,311	$122,389	$323,661
Country of birth
United States	$15,999	$96,924	$314,057
Other countries	$16,142	$97,943	$315,335
Age
31–39	$20,870	$104,107	$288,125
40–49	$20,249	$118,168	$394,409
50–59	$18,216	$94,849	$329,808
60–69	$10,400	$73,327	$274,299
70 or older	$1,153	$86,679	$193,462
Marital status
Married	$14,742	$99,260	$306,546
Divorced	$12,373	$82,858	$289,078
Widowed	$10,215	$65,089	$182,345
Never married	$18,879	$101,354	$342,567
Highest education level
Graduate	$27,701	$152,892	$479,476
Bachelor	$19,133	$127,643	$317,916
Associate	$13,251	$62,811	$184,951
High school	$8,458	$57,662	$213,846
Less than high school	$6,203	$36,886	$168,579
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$61,495	$236,105	$572,022
Second highest	$37,923	$156,257	$231,961
Middle	$22,833	$97,943	$152,994
Second lowest	$18,683	$69,652	$97,541
Lowest	$2,384	$26,623	$55,450
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$166,743	$236,583	$546,034
Second highest	$96,924	$118,349	$144,240
Middle	$61,495	$74,930	$88,435
Second lowest	$31,707	$43,595	$55,342
Lowest	$959	$12,123	$25,635
SOURCE: SSA Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, MINT 8.23. Run ID: SB PopProfiles 03/06/2024.
NOTE: Providing these estimates does not imply SSA support for the proposal, nor is SSA responsible for any interpretations of these estimates.

Projected Covered Earnings Distribution (Not Capped) in 2070
POPULATION: Current-law payroll taxpayers aged 31 or older (characteristics)
Characteristic	Individual covered earnings (2024 $) at the—
Characteristic	10th percentile	Median	90th percentile
	All taxpayers
Total	$15,471	$92,956	$272,787
Sex
Female	$13,973	$81,890	$226,290
Male	$17,604	$104,975	$305,512
Race and ethnicity
Hispanic or Latino, any race	$12,867	$76,714	$205,737
White, non-Hispanic	$17,311	$103,808	$278,437
Black or African American, non-Hispanic	$12,819	$78,245	$218,902
All other races, non-Hispanic	$21,453	$131,030	$403,630
Country of birth
United States	$16,503	$95,619	$265,546
Other countries	$12,941	$84,063	$301,298
Age
31–39	$18,154	$94,143	$258,910
40–49	$18,495	$100,162	$313,214
50–59	$19,338	$98,619	$299,103
60–69	$13,549	$74,594	$242,260
70 or older	$1,200	$87,851	$211,144
Marital status
Married	$15,780	$95,339	$280,138
Divorced	$16,660	$93,682	$264,633
Widowed	$5,199	$71,995	$201,307
Never married	$15,377	$90,531	$273,074
Highest education level
Graduate	$28,713	$151,287	$404,397
Bachelor	$23,155	$136,200	$355,842
Associate	$14,929	$85,724	$207,824
High school	$12,076	$70,513	$175,588
Less than high school	$8,666	$58,711	$155,211
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$61,034	$233,055	$572,060
Second highest	$42,329	$145,958	$265,706
Middle	$30,743	$107,359	$180,040
Second lowest	$20,079	$81,357	$120,977
Lowest	$1,870	$31,636	$67,908
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$202,600	$272,734	$572,060
Second highest	$120,516	$145,686	$180,192
Middle	$77,243	$92,962	$110,353
Second lowest	$39,871	$54,586	$69,659
Lowest	$1,200	$15,471	$32,251
	Hispanic or Latino, any race
Subtotal	$12,867	$76,714	$205,737
Sex
Female	$10,524	$64,865	$168,681
Male	$15,965	$86,457	$240,370
Country of birth
United States	$14,681	$82,069	$213,369
Other countries	$9,807	$63,711	$180,781
Age
31–39	$15,458	$82,408	$204,289
40–49	$15,165	$81,315	$237,277
50–59	$15,423	$79,160	$209,744
60–69	$8,412	$56,084	$158,951
70 or older	$1,200	$57,336	$171,351
Marital status
Married	$12,374	$76,652	$210,829
Divorced	$14,592	$81,087	$206,997
Widowed	$1,200	$47,027	$145,297
Never married	$13,550	$76,995	$198,490
Highest education level
Graduate	$18,531	$109,389	$321,076
Bachelor	$19,594	$111,114	$343,499
Associate	$13,897	$84,032	$195,766
High school	$12,992	$68,705	$164,028
Less than high school	$9,841	$61,657	$157,070
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$41,726	$179,910	$487,408
Second highest	$34,295	$121,404	$252,290
Middle	$26,729	$95,606	$166,793
Second lowest	$21,022	$80,093	$117,480
Lowest	$1,870	$31,467	$67,271
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$201,818	$269,261	$524,809
Second highest	$119,483	$142,273	$177,818
Middle	$77,474	$92,379	$109,983
Second lowest	$39,633	$54,327	$69,329
Lowest	$1,200	$16,526	$32,577
	White, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	$17,311	$103,808	$278,437
Sex
Female	$15,759	$92,048	$230,865
Male	$18,806	$116,034	$311,401
Country of birth
United States	$17,802	$105,314	$276,399
Other countries	$13,269	$87,132	$295,558
Age
31–39	$19,936	$105,830	$267,905
40–49	$20,580	$116,773	$322,726
50–59	$24,266	$113,069	$312,492
60–69	$15,376	$81,472	$248,764
70 or older	$1,200	$91,288	$212,285
Marital status
Married	$17,961	$105,816	$286,612
Divorced	$18,965	$102,520	$278,437
Widowed	$8,405	$82,622	$213,987
Never married	$15,100	$102,636	$265,569
Highest education level
Graduate	$30,745	$155,896	$383,682
Bachelor	$25,162	$137,280	$348,662
Associate	$15,274	$89,589	$209,313
High school	$11,822	$73,999	$176,908
Less than high school	$7,473	$54,055	$149,528
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$67,422	$227,139	$570,001
Second highest	$44,276	$148,194	$260,393
Middle	$32,125	$112,515	$182,802
Second lowest	$18,246	$81,082	$122,328
Lowest	$1,744	$30,804	$67,812
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$201,021	$266,080	$570,001
Second highest	$121,107	$146,743	$180,785
Middle	$77,298	$93,946	$110,508
Second lowest	$40,034	$54,904	$69,885
Lowest	$1,200	$14,592	$31,966
	Black or African American, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	$12,819	$78,245	$218,902
Sex
Female	$15,306	$74,529	$190,115
Male	$9,574	$83,720	$251,042
Country of birth
United States	$12,465	$77,558	$216,011
Other countries	$14,798	$82,732	$236,747
Age
31–39	$15,349	$75,495	$213,094
40–49	$13,253	$81,573	$233,785
50–59	$14,557	$83,341	$233,632
60–69	$13,415	$67,186	$206,843
70 or older	$1,200	$83,922	$189,147
Marital status
Married	$15,229	$85,941	$248,945
Divorced	$14,693	$84,105	$220,311
Widowed	$1,200	$67,961	$166,224
Never married	$11,878	$73,517	$206,007
Highest education level
Graduate	$20,436	$138,745	$312,173
Bachelor	$20,534	$122,805	$278,766
Associate	$15,188	$79,292	$183,671
High school	$9,574	$61,942	$158,969
Less than high school	$5,069	$48,016	$122,218
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$48,950	$204,289	$460,479
Second highest	$47,040	$148,870	$264,492
Middle	$35,418	$115,816	$185,199
Second lowest	$24,363	$84,011	$121,973
Lowest	$2,562	$33,881	$68,625
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$199,990	$252,601	$437,514
Second highest	$120,148	$144,852	$180,650
Middle	$76,826	$91,713	$110,148
Second lowest	$39,946	$53,917	$69,241
Lowest	$1,200	$15,306	$32,356
	All other races, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	$21,453	$131,030	$403,630
Sex
Female	$17,335	$105,530	$365,116
Male	$26,052	$163,252	$427,240
Country of birth
United States	$22,743	$127,285	$392,855
Other countries	$20,932	$133,707	$412,297
Age
31–39	$21,722	$133,375	$371,571
40–49	$25,510	$151,382	$503,753
50–59	$23,064	$141,137	$452,080
60–69	$18,925	$111,529	$349,604
70 or older	$8,346	$115,625	$244,302
Marital status
Married	$20,459	$126,686	$394,630
Divorced	$14,224	$117,835	$356,691
Widowed	$20,924	$84,617	$242,034
Never married	$25,136	$142,835	$421,709
Highest education level
Graduate	$37,796	$196,501	$578,558
Bachelor	$25,510	$162,368	$402,602
Associate	$15,929	$77,367	$241,617
High school	$14,287	$84,580	$285,138
Less than high school	$3,973	$40,931	$179,193
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$85,793	$295,558	$685,167
Second highest	$54,515	$194,079	$295,076
Middle	$32,322	$124,901	$191,279
Second lowest	$21,788	$85,488	$123,319
Lowest	$1,488	$31,483	$69,659
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$213,444	$299,436	$656,928
Second highest	$121,384	$149,352	$181,263
Middle	$76,820	$92,714	$111,001
Second lowest	$39,598	$55,309	$70,024
Lowest	$1,200	$16,765	$31,979
SOURCE: SSA Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, MINT 8.23. Run ID: SB PopProfiles 03/06/2024.
NOTE: Providing these estimates does not imply SSA support for the proposal, nor is SSA responsible for any interpretations of these estimates.

Projected Lifetime Quarters of Coverage Distribution in 2024
POPULATION: Current-law payroll taxpayers aged 31 or older (characteristics)
Characteristic	Individual lifetime quarters of coverage at the—
Characteristic	10th percentile	Median	90th percentile
	All taxpayers
Total	96	175	244
Sex
Female	89	170	244
Male	106	179	244
Race and ethnicity
Hispanic or Latino, any race	73	150	214
White, non-Hispanic	112	185	252
Black or African American, non-Hispanic	87	164	227
All other races, non-Hispanic	84	164	240
Country of birth
United States	109	181	248
Other countries	65	144	217
Age
31–39	86	167	237
40–49	98	169	236
50–59	100	173	239
60–69	104	190	249
70 or older	126	221	272
Marital status
Married	99	177	247
Divorced	105	179	244
Widowed	88	180	248
Never married	87	167	236
Highest education level
Graduate	116	193	264
Bachelor	113	189	260
Associate	107	176	240
High school	89	168	228
Less than high school	62	137	196
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	128	199	271
Second highest	120	188	252
Middle	112	180	239
Second lowest	97	168	224
Lowest	62	140	200
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	148	204	273
Second highest	131	190	252
Middle	114	177	232
Second lowest	91	160	220
Lowest	52	135	209
	Hispanic or Latino, any race
Subtotal	73	150	214
Sex
Female	65	139	210
Male	85	156	217
Country of birth
United States	93	163	224
Other countries	62	136	200
Age
31–39	75	150	210
40–49	76	148	209
50–59	70	148	211
60–69	68	157	229
70 or older	63	197	248
Marital status
Married	73	149	215
Divorced	80	158	220
Widowed	59	130	203
Never married	74	149	210
Highest education level
Graduate	100	172	248
Bachelor	79	166	243
Associate	82	158	220
High school	78	151	212
Less than high school	63	136	192
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	90	168	249
Second highest	88	163	228
Middle	92	159	217
Second lowest	80	148	208
Lowest	49	123	187
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	134	188	257
Second highest	105	168	228
Middle	100	158	212
Second lowest	77	144	201
Lowest	37	111	180
	White, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	112	185	252
Sex
Female	102	180	252
Male	122	189	252
Country of birth
United States	117	187	253
Other countries	67	152	230
Age
31–39	95	174	245
40–49	112	178	245
50–59	121	184	248
60–69	121	196	255
70 or older	138	226	276
Marital status
Married	113	186	253
Divorced	117	185	252
Widowed	109	192	255
Never married	101	178	246
Highest education level
Graduate	125	198	267
Bachelor	126	195	262
Associate	116	181	245
High school	100	177	236
Less than high school	70	149	212
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	143	206	276
Second highest	133	195	256
Middle	122	187	246
Second lowest	109	176	229
Lowest	72	151	207
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	156	208	276
Second highest	143	195	256
Middle	125	184	239
Second lowest	103	170	228
Lowest	64	148	218
	Black or African American, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	87	164	227
Sex
Female	90	165	232
Male	83	164	221
Country of birth
United States	91	167	229
Other countries	67	143	207
Age
31–39	71	154	216
40–49	92	162	223
50–59	92	166	225
60–69	102	179	232
70 or older	98	204	259
Marital status
Married	96	170	231
Divorced	92	167	223
Widowed	93	176	240
Never married	76	156	218
Highest education level
Graduate	110	179	253
Bachelor	106	175	243
Associate	104	169	229
High school	75	158	214
Less than high school	46	125	191
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	113	180	252
Second highest	119	179	243
Middle	110	173	232
Second lowest	100	166	224
Lowest	58	137	193
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	136	186	259
Second highest	127	181	243
Middle	111	173	225
Second lowest	88	155	211
Lowest	47	127	196
	All other races, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	84	164	240
Sex
Female	79	159	246
Male	89	170	236
Country of birth
United States	112	177	244
Other countries	73	156	236
Age
31–39	83	165	248
40–49	93	168	240
50–59	80	160	228
60–69	84	161	230
70 or older	92	198	255
Marital status
Married	83	162	239
Divorced	88	167	232
Widowed	69	144	224
Never married	92	168	247
Highest education level
Graduate	96	176	252
Bachelor	84	168	252
Associate	84	161	228
High school	82	159	221
Less than high school	33	118	184
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	112	185	260
Second highest	104	179	251
Middle	96	165	227
Second lowest	80	155	214
Lowest	48	127	193
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	135	196	265
Second highest	112	174	232
Middle	94	161	213
Second lowest	73	144	204
Lowest	40	119	192
SOURCE: SSA Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, MINT 8.23. Run ID: SB PopProfiles 03/06/2024.
NOTE: Providing these estimates does not imply SSA support for the proposal, nor is SSA responsible for any interpretations of these estimates.

Projected Lifetime Quarters of Coverage Distribution in 2030
POPULATION: Current-law payroll taxpayers aged 31 or older (characteristics)
Characteristic	Individual lifetime quarters of coverage at the—
Characteristic	10th percentile	Median	90th percentile
	All taxpayers
Total	95	175	247
Sex
Female	88	170	248
Male	104	179	246
Race and ethnicity
Hispanic or Latino, any race	73	152	217
White, non-Hispanic	111	185	255
Black or African American, non-Hispanic	87	163	228
All other races, non-Hispanic	79	168	244
Country of birth
United States	108	181	251
Other countries	60	146	221
Age
31–39	85	165	237
40–49	96	169	238
50–59	97	173	239
60–69	104	189	250
70 or older	136	225	276
Marital status
Married	97	177	249
Divorced	105	180	248
Widowed	84	182	252
Never married	87	166	237
Highest education level
Graduate	115	192	265
Bachelor	112	191	262
Associate	106	176	242
High school	87	167	229
Less than high school	59	138	198
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	128	200	272
Second highest	120	189	256
Middle	112	179	240
Second lowest	96	168	224
Lowest	58	140	200
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	148	204	275
Second highest	129	189	254
Middle	113	176	234
Second lowest	90	161	222
Lowest	51	135	211
	Hispanic or Latino, any race
Subtotal	73	152	217
Sex
Female	64	140	212
Male	86	158	218
Country of birth
United States	93	163	226
Other countries	54	137	202
Age
31–39	75	150	211
40–49	73	148	209
50–59	64	148	211
60–69	76	164	226
70 or older	108	200	251
Marital status
Married	71	152	218
Divorced	86	158	224
Widowed	45	142	212
Never married	75	149	210
Highest education level
Graduate	98	172	252
Bachelor	78	166	243
Associate	87	160	223
High school	75	151	213
Less than high school	57	138	195
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	99	175	252
Second highest	92	167	235
Middle	91	157	219
Second lowest	80	148	209
Lowest	44	127	187
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	129	184	260
Second highest	106	172	234
Middle	99	160	215
Second lowest	79	145	202
Lowest	31	117	186
	White, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	111	185	255
Sex
Female	102	181	256
Male	120	189	254
Country of birth
United States	116	188	256
Other countries	63	152	234
Age
31–39	94	173	246
40–49	111	178	245
50–59	120	183	249
60–69	120	197	256
70 or older	149	230	280
Marital status
Married	113	186	256
Divorced	116	187	254
Widowed	106	195	260
Never married	99	178	247
Highest education level
Graduate	123	198	269
Bachelor	125	196	265
Associate	116	182	248
High school	100	176	237
Less than high school	67	146	208
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	141	208	277
Second highest	133	196	260
Middle	124	187	247
Second lowest	107	176	233
Lowest	70	151	208
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	154	209	278
Second highest	140	195	259
Middle	126	184	243
Second lowest	101	172	232
Lowest	64	149	222
	Black or African American, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	87	163	228
Sex
Female	88	164	232
Male	87	162	224
Country of birth
United States	92	166	231
Other countries	60	141	211
Age
31–39	72	152	216
40–49	93	158	218
50–59	91	166	224
60–69	92	180	239
70 or older	112	208	261
Marital status
Married	96	170	233
Divorced	90	167	226
Widowed	81	178	240
Never married	80	156	219
Highest education level
Graduate	110	180	255
Bachelor	106	175	244
Associate	104	168	228
High school	74	156	215
Less than high school	46	128	193
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	119	182	253
Second highest	111	179	252
Middle	108	171	234
Second lowest	98	164	222
Lowest	59	135	193
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	135	195	267
Second highest	128	181	241
Middle	108	170	224
Second lowest	89	154	207
Lowest	50	127	193
	All other races, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	79	168	244
Sex
Female	75	163	252
Male	83	171	237
Country of birth
United States	113	180	252
Other countries	66	158	240
Age
31–39	89	171	251
40–49	76	166	248
50–59	72	164	232
60–69	75	160	234
70 or older	92	201	261
Marital status
Married	71	163	240
Divorced	84	172	244
Widowed	61	160	248
Never married	96	172	252
Highest education level
Graduate	94	176	254
Bachelor	80	169	253
Associate	86	166	232
High school	62	159	225
Less than high school	53	117	180
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	111	188	264
Second highest	105	176	248
Middle	91	166	235
Second lowest	80	161	215
Lowest	34	129	195
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	136	198	268
Second highest	103	174	240
Middle	89	168	224
Second lowest	71	144	207
Lowest	30	123	194
SOURCE: SSA Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, MINT 8.23. Run ID: SB PopProfiles 03/06/2024.
NOTE: Providing these estimates does not imply SSA support for the proposal, nor is SSA responsible for any interpretations of these estimates.

Projected Lifetime Quarters of Coverage Distribution in 2050
POPULATION: Current-law payroll taxpayers aged 31 or older (characteristics)
Characteristic	Individual lifetime quarters of coverage at the—
Characteristic	10th percentile	Median	90th percentile
	All taxpayers
Total	92	174	250
Sex
Female	86	171	253
Male	100	177	246
Race and ethnicity
Hispanic or Latino, any race	75	156	223
White, non-Hispanic	108	185	258
Black or African American, non-Hispanic	85	164	236
All other races, non-Hispanic	80	173	252
Country of birth
United States	107	180	253
Other countries	56	147	230
Age
31–39	85	165	233
40–49	94	168	240
50–59	91	170	241
60–69	93	187	252
70 or older	134	228	285
Marital status
Married	92	175	252
Divorced	102	180	252
Widowed	84	193	276
Never married	89	168	240
Highest education level
Graduate	114	192	265
Bachelor	110	191	267
Associate	104	176	244
High school	83	164	227
Less than high school	56	139	201
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	132	204	276
Second highest	117	187	258
Middle	105	178	243
Second lowest	93	167	225
Lowest	55	136	199
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	144	205	274
Second highest	127	188	257
Middle	110	176	237
Second lowest	84	161	227
Lowest	51	134	210
	Hispanic or Latino, any race
Subtotal	75	156	223
Sex
Female	68	148	220
Male	85	160	225
Country of birth
United States	96	165	228
Other countries	48	132	207
Age
31–39	79	152	216
40–49	79	153	216
50–59	64	154	215
60–69	64	165	230
70 or older	105	199	269
Marital status
Married	74	155	224
Divorced	84	164	230
Widowed	55	147	236
Never married	76	152	215
Highest education level
Graduate	103	178	253
Bachelor	82	171	248
Associate	91	161	226
High school	77	155	216
Less than high school	56	141	201
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	106	179	256
Second highest	100	169	236
Middle	91	163	223
Second lowest	82	154	213
Lowest	44	126	189
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	124	187	260
Second highest	112	173	238
Middle	100	164	218
Second lowest	76	147	208
Lowest	41	120	189
	White, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	108	185	258
Sex
Female	100	181	263
Male	117	188	255
Country of birth
United States	114	187	260
Other countries	60	151	235
Age
31–39	93	173	242
40–49	109	178	250
50–59	111	178	249
60–69	111	193	256
70 or older	150	238	289
Marital status
Married	109	185	258
Divorced	112	186	258
Widowed	111	211	283
Never married	102	179	250
Highest education level
Graduate	123	197	270
Bachelor	124	199	271
Associate	115	182	252
High school	92	173	235
Less than high school	61	141	206
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	147	212	281
Second highest	132	195	263
Middle	117	185	248
Second lowest	104	175	232
Lowest	67	146	207
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	155	211	279
Second highest	139	194	264
Middle	121	184	248
Second lowest	96	171	239
Lowest	65	148	222
	Black or African American, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	85	164	236
Sex
Female	90	167	244
Male	80	161	229
Country of birth
United States	92	167	239
Other countries	50	144	220
Age
31–39	75	155	221
40–49	90	158	226
50–59	91	164	223
60–69	83	178	239
70 or older	128	223	284
Marital status
Married	85	168	243
Divorced	97	170	240
Widowed	102	187	254
Never married	81	159	228
Highest education level
Graduate	107	188	263
Bachelor	108	178	254
Associate	92	167	233
High school	75	154	216
Less than high school	55	135	195
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	121	189	267
Second highest	113	181	256
Middle	104	175	243
Second lowest	96	165	222
Lowest	60	132	194
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	134	193	268
Second highest	121	183	254
Middle	107	172	227
Second lowest	82	155	215
Lowest	50	127	204
	All other races, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	80	173	252
Sex
Female	76	170	256
Male	84	176	244
Country of birth
United States	116	183	256
Other countries	65	164	248
Age
31–39	85	173	239
40–49	82	168	253
50–59	66	164	245
60–69	64	178	258
70 or older	113	215	272
Marital status
Married	68	169	252
Divorced	74	174	244
Widowed	47	158	260
Never married	102	176	251
Highest education level
Graduate	93	184	256
Bachelor	85	176	259
Associate	86	171	233
High school	65	160	233
Less than high school	32	103	175
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	124	204	268
Second highest	96	179	251
Middle	85	168	234
Second lowest	76	160	217
Lowest	38	125	198
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	133	205	268
Second highest	106	180	249
Middle	90	168	226
Second lowest	64	146	212
Lowest	33	120	198
SOURCE: SSA Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, MINT 8.23. Run ID: SB PopProfiles 03/06/2024.
NOTE: Providing these estimates does not imply SSA support for the proposal, nor is SSA responsible for any interpretations of these estimates.

Projected Lifetime Quarters of Coverage Distribution in 2070
POPULATION: Current-law payroll taxpayers aged 31 or older (characteristics)
Characteristic	Individual lifetime quarters of coverage at the—
Characteristic	10th percentile	Median	90th percentile
	All taxpayers
Total	91	169	235
Sex
Female	84	166	237
Male	99	171	234
Race and ethnicity
Hispanic or Latino, any race	79	156	209
White, non-Hispanic	107	178	248
Black or African American, non-Hispanic	85	162	225
All other races, non-Hispanic	84	167	236
Country of birth
United States	104	173	239
Other countries	58	144	216
Age
31–39	83	155	186
40–49	93	166	212
50–59	91	171	236
60–69	92	187	257
70 or older	131	232	288
Marital status
Married	91	169	234
Divorced	103	177	244
Widowed	71	191	283
Never married	87	163	223
Highest education level
Graduate	113	181	255
Bachelor	107	179	252
Associate	100	171	229
High school	83	162	216
Less than high school	55	139	194
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	130	190	264
Second highest	115	179	247
Middle	105	172	229
Second lowest	92	163	213
Lowest	57	134	191
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	141	189	257
Second highest	128	181	247
Middle	108	169	226
Second lowest	84	157	216
Lowest	50	131	206
	Hispanic or Latino, any race
Subtotal	79	156	209
Sex
Female	71	148	207
Male	89	160	212
Country of birth
United States	95	163	214
Other countries	48	130	195
Age
31–39	80	149	183
40–49	80	154	204
50–59	76	158	219
60–69	75	170	234
70 or older	92	203	268
Marital status
Married	80	156	209
Divorced	89	166	223
Widowed	28	129	236
Never married	77	153	200
Highest education level
Graduate	106	171	238
Bachelor	85	167	228
Associate	88	160	211
High school	82	155	205
Less than high school	56	140	194
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	105	172	238
Second highest	98	167	225
Middle	91	162	211
Second lowest	83	156	202
Lowest	50	127	186
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	132	179	239
Second highest	113	171	222
Middle	100	162	206
Second lowest	80	148	201
Lowest	43	118	187
	White, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	107	178	248
Sex
Female	98	176	252
Male	116	180	245
Country of birth
United States	114	180	250
Other countries	60	147	222
Age
31–39	90	162	189
40–49	109	174	217
50–59	111	179	244
60–69	111	195	264
70 or older	147	239	292
Marital status
Married	109	177	244
Divorced	112	185	253
Widowed	106	218	291
Never married	96	172	237
Highest education level
Graduate	122	188	263
Bachelor	121	188	261
Associate	114	177	239
High school	90	170	225
Less than high school	58	140	200
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	144	200	273
Second highest	132	187	257
Middle	120	180	239
Second lowest	101	170	221
Lowest	65	142	197
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	152	196	264
Second highest	138	187	255
Middle	119	177	242
Second lowest	95	167	231
Lowest	61	146	224
	Black or African American, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	85	162	225
Sex
Female	88	163	229
Male	81	161	222
Country of birth
United States	92	165	229
Other countries	53	144	206
Age
31–39	72	147	184
40–49	92	158	209
50–59	92	167	227
60–69	83	177	252
70 or older	126	229	287
Marital status
Married	86	164	227
Divorced	100	169	238
Widowed	96	177	285
Never married	80	157	215
Highest education level
Graduate	109	180	255
Bachelor	102	170	242
Associate	95	165	223
High school	74	154	209
Less than high school	52	135	191
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	125	184	261
Second highest	112	178	249
Middle	107	169	232
Second lowest	96	162	213
Lowest	59	135	190
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	136	184	251
Second highest	128	180	245
Middle	108	166	220
Second lowest	86	154	207
Lowest	47	126	198
	All other races, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	84	167	236
Sex
Female	82	166	240
Male	87	168	233
Country of birth
United States	111	174	238
Other countries	68	160	235
Age
31–39	84	153	182
40–49	93	168	211
50–59	70	171	237
60–69	77	177	260
70 or older	135	224	284
Marital status
Married	71	165	236
Divorced	81	166	235
Widowed	63	187	268
Never married	107	169	232
Highest education level
Graduate	98	172	244
Bachelor	95	169	242
Associate	91	166	219
High school	64	164	223
Less than high school	41	106	172
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	125	188	260
Second highest	107	172	236
Middle	92	164	216
Second lowest	77	156	208
Lowest	43	129	186
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	131	183	252
Second highest	116	176	246
Middle	90	163	218
Second lowest	64	152	210
Lowest	41	125	193
SOURCE: SSA Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, MINT 8.23. Run ID: SB PopProfiles 03/06/2024.
NOTE: Providing these estimates does not imply SSA support for the proposal, nor is SSA responsible for any interpretations of these estimates.

Projected Poverty Rates and Numbers in 2024
POPULATION: Current-law payroll taxpayers aged 31 or older (characteristics)
Characteristic	Poverty rate		Number of population in poverty (in thousands)
Characteristic	Official	Supplemental	Official	Supplemental
	All taxpayers
Total	7.0%	12.0%	8,273	14,428
Sex
Female	8.0%	14.0%	4,567	7,731
Male	6.0%	10.0%	3,706	6,697
Race and ethnicity
Hispanic or Latino, any race	9.0%	16.0%	1,977	3,342
White, non-Hispanic	5.0%	10.0%	4,073	7,572
Black or African American, non-Hispanic	11.0%	16.0%	1,493	2,254
All other races, non-Hispanic	8.0%	14.0%	729	1,259
Country of birth
United States	6.0%	11.0%	6,097	10,772
Other countries	9.0%	15.0%	2,176	3,656
Age
31–39	12.0%	19.0%	3,802	6,126
40–49	9.0%	15.0%	2,749	4,634
50–59	4.0%	8.0%	1,224	2,514
60–69	2.0%	6.0%	453	1,042
70 or older	1.0%	2.0%	45	112
Marital status
Married	5.0%	9.0%	3,582	6,896
Divorced	8.0%	14.0%	1,513	2,552
Widowed	3.0%	8.0%	148	345
Never married	12.0%	19.0%	3,030	4,635
Highest education level
Graduate	3.0%	7.0%	618	1,209
Bachelor	4.0%	8.0%	1,014	1,910
Associate	6.0%	12.0%	1,810	3,386
High school	9.0%	15.0%	3,353	5,679
Less than high school	14.0%	21.0%	1,479	2,244
	Hispanic or Latino, any race
Subtotal	9.0%	16.0%	1,977	3,342
Sex
Female	11.0%	17.0%	988	1,614
Male	8.0%	14.0%	989	1,728
Country of birth
United States	8.0%	14.0%	859	1,484
Other countries	10.0%	17.0%	1,119	1,858
Marital status
Married	8.0%	15.0%	1,110	2,053
Divorced	11.0%	17.0%	263	393
Widowed	8.0%	12.0%	54	77
Never married	11.0%	17.0%	550	819
Highest education level
Graduate	5.0%	13.0%	68	173
Bachelor	6.0%	11.0%	109	183
Associate	8.0%	13.0%	300	481
High school	9.0%	16.0%	760	1,299
Less than high school	12.0%	19.0%	740	1,206
	White, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	5.0%	10.0%	4,073	7,572
Sex
Female	6.0%	12.0%	2,305	4,132
Male	4.0%	8.0%	1,768	3,440
Country of birth
United States	5.0%	10.0%	3,655	6,825
Other countries	8.0%	14.0%	419	747
Age
31–39	9.0%	16.0%	1,857	3,191
40–49	7.0%	13.0%	1,397	2,416
50–59	3.0%	7.0%	578	1,300
60–69	2.0%	4.0%	225	603
70 or older	.0%	1.0%	16	63
Marital status
Married	4.0%	7.0%	1,855	3,677
Divorced	8.0%	13.0%	923	1,631
Widowed	2.0%	7.0%	53	206
Never married	10.0%	17.0%	1,242	2,058
Highest education level
Graduate	3.0%	5.0%	330	674
Bachelor	3.0%	6.0%	555	1,130
Associate	5.0%	11.0%	1,053	2,053
High school	7.0%	13.0%	1,690	3,064
Less than high school	15.0%	22.0%	445	651
	Black or African American, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	11.0%	16.0%	1,493	2,254
Sex
Female	12.0%	18.0%	856	1,295
Male	10.0%	15.0%	637	959
Country of birth
United States	11.0%	17.0%	1,337	2,034
Other countries	8.0%	12.0%	156	221
Marital status
Married	5.0%	10.0%	294	541
Divorced	10.0%	16.0%	238	383
Widowed	7.0%	9.0%	26	34
Never married	17.0%	23.0%	935	1,296
Highest education level
Graduate	5.0%	9.0%	74	130
Bachelor	7.0%	13.0%	177	316
Associate	8.0%	14.0%	260	474
High school	13.0%	19.0%	760	1,048
Less than high school	21.0%	28.0%	221	286
	All other races, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	8.0%	14.0%	729	1,259
Sex
Female	10.0%	16.0%	418	690
Male	7.0%	12.0%	311	569
Country of birth
United States	8.0%	13.0%	247	429
Other countries	8.0%	15.0%	482	830
Highest education level
Graduate	6.0%	10.0%	145	232
Bachelor	7.0%	11.0%	173	281
Associate	11.0%	22.0%	197	378
High school	8.0%	14.0%	142	268
Less than high school	20.0%	28.0%	73	100
SOURCE: SSA Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, MINT 8.23. Run ID: SB PopProfiles 03/06/2024.
NOTE: Providing these estimates does not imply SSA support for the proposal, nor is SSA responsible for any interpretations of these estimates.

Projected Poverty Rates and Numbers in 2030
POPULATION: Current-law payroll taxpayers aged 31 or older (characteristics)
Characteristic	Poverty rate		Number of population in poverty (in thousands)
Characteristic	Official	Supplemental	Official	Supplemental
	All taxpayers
Total	6.0%	12.0%	7,621	15,646
Sex
Female	7.0%	14.0%	4,290	8,478
Male	5.0%	11.0%	3,331	7,167
Race and ethnicity
Hispanic or Latino, any race	7.0%	15.0%	1,778	3,660
White, non-Hispanic	5.0%	11.0%	3,681	8,101
Black or African American, non-Hispanic	10.0%	16.0%	1,435	2,391
All other races, non-Hispanic	7.0%	15.0%	726	1,494
Country of birth
United States	6.0%	11.0%	5,549	11,516
Other countries	8.0%	16.0%	2,073	4,129
Age
31–39	10.0%	19.0%	3,309	6,354
40–49	8.0%	15.0%	2,575	5,152
50–59	4.0%	10.0%	1,282	2,811
60–69	2.0%	6.0%	427	1,153
70 or older	.0%	2.0%	29	176
Marital status
Married	4.0%	10.0%	3,221	7,418
Divorced	7.0%	15.0%	1,400	2,767
Widowed	3.0%	8.0%	154	364
Never married	10.0%	18.0%	2,847	5,097
Highest education level
Graduate	3.0%	8.0%	712	1,553
Bachelor	4.0%	8.0%	921	1,971
Associate	5.0%	13.0%	1,587	3,651
High school	8.0%	16.0%	3,020	6,124
Less than high school	12.0%	21.0%	1,381	2,347
	Hispanic or Latino, any race
Subtotal	7.0%	15.0%	1,778	3,660
Sex
Female	9.0%	17.0%	946	1,822
Male	6.0%	14.0%	832	1,838
Country of birth
United States	6.0%	13.0%	770	1,705
Other countries	9.0%	17.0%	1,009	1,955
Marital status
Married	7.0%	15.0%	979	2,105
Divorced	8.0%	16.0%	213	424
Widowed	7.0%	13.0%	50	103
Never married	9.0%	17.0%	536	1,029
Highest education level
Graduate	5.0%	11.0%	80	194
Bachelor	6.0%	13.0%	125	260
Associate	6.0%	12.0%	242	509
High school	7.0%	15.0%	628	1,415
Less than high school	10.0%	19.0%	703	1,282
	White, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	5.0%	11.0%	3,681	8,101
Sex
Female	6.0%	12.0%	2,058	4,399
Male	4.0%	9.0%	1,623	3,702
Country of birth
United States	5.0%	10.0%	3,252	7,213
Other countries	8.0%	16.0%	429	888
Marital status
Married	3.0%	8.0%	1,577	3,965
Divorced	7.0%	14.0%	845	1,752
Widowed	2.0%	6.0%	75	190
Never married	9.0%	17.0%	1,185	2,193
Highest education level
Graduate	3.0%	6.0%	396	900
Bachelor	2.0%	6.0%	433	1,070
Associate	5.0%	11.0%	935	2,208
High school	7.0%	15.0%	1,521	3,250
Less than high school	14.0%	24.0%	396	673
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	.0%	.0%	0	50
Second highest	.0%	1.0%	0	161
Middle	.0%	5.0%	0	707
Second lowest	2.0%	17.0%	270	2,404
Lowest	25.0%	35.0%	3,411	4,779
	Black or African American, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	10.0%	16.0%	1,435	2,391
Sex
Female	11.0%	18.0%	879	1,454
Male	8.0%	14.0%	556	937
Country of birth
United States	10.0%	17.0%	1,271	2,114
Other countries	8.0%	14.0%	164	277
Highest education level
Graduate	6.0%	12.0%	97	186
Bachelor	7.0%	11.0%	168	283
Associate	8.0%	16.0%	265	543
High school	12.0%	19.0%	696	1,094
Less than high school	20.0%	27.0%	209	284
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	.0%	.0%	0	0
Second highest	.0%	1.0%	0	27
Middle	.0%	5.0%	0	151
Second lowest	4.0%	18.0%	139	644
Lowest	39.0%	48.0%	1,296	1,568
	All other races, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	7.0%	15.0%	726	1,494
Sex
Female	9.0%	17.0%	406	803
Male	6.0%	13.0%	320	691
Country of birth
United States	7.0%	14.0%	255	485
Other countries	7.0%	16.0%	471	1,009
Marital status
Married	6.0%	14.0%	376	801
Divorced	10.0%	16.0%	90	153
Widowed	5.0%	10.0%	17	33
Never married	9.0%	18.0%	244	506
Highest education level
Graduate	5.0%	10.0%	139	273
Bachelor	7.0%	12.0%	196	358
Associate	8.0%	21.0%	144	392
High school	9.0%	20.0%	175	365
Less than high school	21.0%	31.0%	72	107
SOURCE: SSA Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, MINT 8.23. Run ID: SB PopProfiles 03/06/2024.
NOTE: Providing these estimates does not imply SSA support for the proposal, nor is SSA responsible for any interpretations of these estimates.

Projected Poverty Rates and Numbers in 2050
POPULATION: Current-law payroll taxpayers aged 31 or older (characteristics)
Characteristic	Poverty rate		Number of population in poverty (in thousands)
Characteristic	Official	Supplemental	Official	Supplemental
	All taxpayers
Total	5.0%	16.0%	6,447	22,037
Sex
Female	5.0%	18.0%	3,498	11,619
Male	4.0%	15.0%	2,949	10,418
Race and ethnicity
Hispanic or Latino, any race	6.0%	19.0%	1,918	6,285
White, non-Hispanic	4.0%	14.0%	2,783	10,398
Black or African American, non-Hispanic	7.0%	21.0%	1,051	3,062
All other races, non-Hispanic	5.0%	17.0%	695	2,292
Country of birth
United States	4.0%	15.0%	4,692	16,285
Other countries	6.0%	20.0%	1,755	5,752
Age
31–39	7.0%	23.0%	2,398	7,625
40–49	6.0%	19.0%	2,219	7,025
50–59	4.0%	14.0%	1,269	4,670
60–69	2.0%	11.0%	508	2,242
70 or older	.0%	4.0%	54	475
Marital status
Married	4.0%	15.0%	2,680	10,922
Divorced	5.0%	17.0%	1,174	3,913
Widowed	3.0%	11.0%	103	397
Never married	7.0%	19.0%	2,489	6,804
Highest education level
Graduate	3.0%	9.0%	685	2,467
Bachelor	3.0%	11.0%	770	2,803
Associate	4.0%	17.0%	1,288	4,911
High school	6.0%	21.0%	2,543	8,524
Less than high school	9.0%	26.0%	1,161	3,331
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	.0%	1.0%	0	178
Second highest	.0%	3.0%	0	820
Middle	.0%	9.0%	0	2,383
Second lowest	1.0%	24.0%	211	6,588
Lowest	23.0%	44.0%	6,236	12,067
	Hispanic or Latino, any race
Subtotal	6.0%	19.0%	1,918	6,285
Sex
Female	6.0%	21.0%	952	3,131
Male	5.0%	18.0%	966	3,154
Country of birth
United States	5.0%	17.0%	1,105	3,721
Other countries	7.0%	22.0%	813	2,564
Marital status
Married	5.0%	19.0%	938	3,482
Divorced	6.0%	19.0%	265	827
Widowed	5.0%	19.0%	35	137
Never married	7.0%	19.0%	681	1,838
Highest education level
Graduate	3.0%	12.0%	98	397
Bachelor	4.0%	17.0%	112	445
Associate	4.0%	16.0%	246	890
High school	6.0%	20.0%	767	2,485
Less than high school	8.0%	24.0%	696	2,067
	White, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	4.0%	14.0%	2,783	10,398
Sex
Female	4.0%	16.0%	1,585	5,560
Male	3.0%	12.0%	1,197	4,838
Country of birth
United States	4.0%	13.0%	2,445	9,163
Other countries	6.0%	20.0%	338	1,235
Marital status
Married	3.0%	12.0%	1,178	5,437
Divorced	5.0%	16.0%	694	2,335
Widowed	1.0%	8.0%	33	177
Never married	6.0%	18.0%	878	2,449
Highest education level
Graduate	2.0%	8.0%	377	1,360
Bachelor	2.0%	8.0%	345	1,401
Associate	4.0%	15.0%	667	2,717
High school	6.0%	21.0%	1,126	4,115
Less than high school	9.0%	28.0%	268	804
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	.0%	1.0%	0	97
Second highest	.0%	3.0%	0	465
Middle	.0%	9.0%	0	1,275
Second lowest	1.0%	23.0%	127	3,187
Lowest	20.0%	40.0%	2,656	5,373
	Black or African American, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	7.0%	21.0%	1,051	3,062
Sex
Female	7.0%	21.0%	543	1,662
Male	7.0%	20.0%	508	1,400
Country of birth
United States	7.0%	20.0%	887	2,583
Other countries	8.0%	23.0%	165	479
Marital status
Married	5.0%	18.0%	225	820
Divorced	6.0%	19.0%	156	523
Widowed	7.0%	12.0%	20	37
Never married	9.0%	23.0%	650	1,682
Highest education level
Graduate	4.0%	10.0%	73	214
Bachelor	4.0%	13.0%	111	346
Associate	6.0%	20.0%	196	690
High school	9.0%	26.0%	541	1,492
Less than high school	12.0%	30.0%	131	319
	All other races, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	5.0%	17.0%	695	2,292
Sex
Female	6.0%	19.0%	417	1,266
Male	4.0%	14.0%	278	1,025
Country of birth
United States	5.0%	16.0%	255	818
Other countries	5.0%	17.0%	439	1,474
Marital status
Married	5.0%	17.0%	338	1,183
Divorced	5.0%	19.0%	60	228
Widowed	5.0%	15.0%	15	46
Never married	6.0%	17.0%	282	835
Highest education level
Graduate	3.0%	11.0%	137	496
Bachelor	5.0%	14.0%	203	610
Associate	7.0%	24.0%	180	614
High school	6.0%	22.0%	109	431
Less than high school	14.0%	31.0%	65	141
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	.0%	1.0%	0	40
Second highest	.0%	5.0%	0	113
Middle	.0%	13.0%	0	290
Second lowest	1.0%	31.0%	24	678
Lowest	30.0%	52.0%	671	1,171
SOURCE: SSA Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, MINT 8.23. Run ID: SB PopProfiles 03/06/2024.
NOTE: Providing these estimates does not imply SSA support for the proposal, nor is SSA responsible for any interpretations of these estimates.

Projected Poverty Rates and Numbers in 2070
POPULATION: Current-law payroll taxpayers aged 31 or older (characteristics)
Characteristic	Poverty rate		Number of population in poverty (in thousands)
Characteristic	Official	Supplemental	Official	Supplemental
	All taxpayers
Total	4.0%	19.0%	5,343	27,294
Sex
Female	4.0%	21.0%	3,018	14,268
Male	3.0%	17.0%	2,324	13,026
Race and ethnicity
Hispanic or Latino, any race	4.0%	22.0%	1,823	9,176
White, non-Hispanic	3.0%	17.0%	2,013	11,509
Black or African American, non-Hispanic	6.0%	23.0%	823	3,336
All other races, non-Hispanic	4.0%	18.0%	684	3,272
Country of birth
United States	3.0%	18.0%	3,853	20,458
Other countries	5.0%	22.0%	1,490	6,836
Age
31–39	5.0%	26.0%	1,997	9,828
40–49	5.0%	22.0%	1,738	8,040
50–59	3.0%	17.0%	1,087	5,688
60–69	2.0%	13.0%	478	3,072
70 or older	.0%	5.0%	43	667
Marital status
Married	3.0%	18.0%	2,007	13,342
Divorced	4.0%	20.0%	1,073	4,871
Widowed	2.0%	13.0%	75	478
Never married	5.0%	21.0%	2,188	8,603
Highest education level
Graduate	2.0%	11.0%	599	3,341
Bachelor	3.0%	13.0%	679	3,387
Associate	4.0%	20.0%	1,109	6,178
High school	5.0%	24.0%	1,980	10,083
Less than high school	7.0%	30.0%	976	4,305
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	.0%	1.0%	0	351
Second highest	.0%	6.0%	0	1,580
Middle	.0%	14.0%	0	3,900
Second lowest	.0%	28.0%	41	8,181
Lowest	18.0%	46.0%	5,302	13,282
	Hispanic or Latino, any race
Subtotal	4.0%	22.0%	1,823	9,176
Sex
Female	5.0%	23.0%	990	4,534
Male	4.0%	21.0%	833	4,642
Country of birth
United States	4.0%	20.0%	1,154	6,016
Other countries	5.0%	26.0%	669	3,160
Marital status
Married	4.0%	22.0%	815	4,921
Divorced	5.0%	22.0%	292	1,400
Widowed	4.0%	19.0%	32	167
Never married	5.0%	21.0%	684	2,688
Highest education level
Graduate	2.0%	12.0%	128	633
Bachelor	3.0%	16.0%	104	526
Associate	4.0%	19.0%	270	1,398
High school	4.0%	23.0%	714	3,742
Less than high school	6.0%	28.0%	608	2,876
	White, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	3.0%	17.0%	2,013	11,509
Sex
Female	4.0%	19.0%	1,168	6,013
Male	2.0%	15.0%	844	5,496
Country of birth
United States	3.0%	16.0%	1,726	10,078
Other countries	5.0%	23.0%	287	1,431
Age
31–39	4.0%	25.0%	690	3,959
40–49	4.0%	21.0%	703	3,353
50–59	3.0%	16.0%	432	2,496
60–69	1.0%	11.0%	168	1,366
70 or older	.0%	4.0%	20	336
Marital status
Married	2.0%	15.0%	763	6,057
Divorced	4.0%	18.0%	545	2,567
Widowed	1.0%	11.0%	29	225
Never married	5.0%	20.0%	677	2,660
Highest education level
Graduate	2.0%	9.0%	277	1,624
Bachelor	2.0%	11.0%	277	1,629
Associate	3.0%	20.0%	507	3,197
High school	4.0%	24.0%	750	4,179
Less than high school	8.0%	34.0%	203	881
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	.0%	1.0%	0	174
Second highest	.0%	6.0%	0	875
Middle	.0%	14.0%	0	1,846
Second lowest	.0%	27.0%	25	3,407
Lowest	16.0%	42.0%	1,988	5,206
	Black or African American, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	6.0%	23.0%	823	3,336
Sex
Female	6.0%	24.0%	426	1,867
Male	6.0%	22.0%	396	1,470
Country of birth
United States	6.0%	24.0%	687	2,854
Other countries	6.0%	20.0%	136	482
Highest education level
Graduate	3.0%	15.0%	72	326
Bachelor	3.0%	15.0%	75	366
Associate	5.0%	22.0%	167	704
High school	7.0%	29.0%	405	1,612
Less than high school	10.0%	32.0%	105	328
	All other races, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	4.0%	18.0%	684	3,272
Sex
Female	5.0%	21.0%	434	1,854
Male	3.0%	15.0%	251	1,418
Country of birth
United States	4.0%	20.0%	286	1,509
Other countries	4.0%	17.0%	398	1,764
Highest education level
Graduate	2.0%	13.0%	123	758
Bachelor	4.0%	16.0%	224	866
Associate	5.0%	26.0%	165	878
High school	5.0%	23.0%	112	551
Less than high school	10.0%	37.0%	60	219
SOURCE: SSA Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, MINT 8.23. Run ID: SB PopProfiles 03/06/2024.
NOTE: Providing these estimates does not imply SSA support for the proposal, nor is SSA responsible for any interpretations of these estimates.

Projected Annual Household Income Distribution in 2024
POPULATION: Current-law payroll taxpayers aged 31 or older (characteristics)
Characteristic	Household income (2024 $) at the—
Characteristic	10th percentile	Median	90th percentile
	All taxpayers
Total	$30,780	$114,096	$316,680
Sex
Female	$27,792	$108,612	$307,500
Male	$34,164	$118,644	$324,984
Race and ethnicity
Hispanic or Latino, any race	$23,880	$87,960	$246,636
White, non-Hispanic	$36,960	$125,400	$336,996
Black or African American, non-Hispanic	$21,864	$87,360	$251,964
All other races, non-Hispanic	$28,248	$136,524	$441,516
Country of birth
United States	$32,772	$116,508	$314,784
Other countries	$24,408	$103,044	$327,540
Age
31–39	$22,020	$92,652	$248,784
40–49	$26,832	$109,356	$308,232
50–59	$37,560	$130,584	$345,972
60–69	$40,848	$122,064	$340,104
70 or older	$57,468	$169,416	$473,304
Marital status
Married	$45,132	$139,620	$362,244
Divorced	$23,580	$84,276	$239,328
Widowed	$31,320	$93,204	$267,972
Never married	$17,016	$73,788	$228,192
Highest education level
Graduate	$57,756	$189,624	$520,656
Bachelor	$48,024	$162,828	$409,200
Associate	$31,584	$106,560	$257,700
High school	$25,296	$88,920	$221,964
Less than high school	$17,856	$70,968	$199,272
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$238,860	$316,632	$634,188
Second highest	$147,732	$176,412	$214,380
Middle	$95,580	$114,096	$135,276
Second lowest	$55,740	$71,232	$87,252
Lowest	$8,508	$30,780	$47,760
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$138,072	$244,812	$557,916
Second highest	$80,064	$133,488	$282,648
Middle	$52,416	$94,284	$228,672
Second lowest	$29,508	$69,108	$204,492
Lowest	$8,508	$48,012	$189,324
	Hispanic or Latino, any race
Subtotal	$23,880	$87,960	$246,636
Sex
Female	$21,840	$88,032	$240,156
Male	$25,296	$87,948	$250,980
Country of birth
United States	$25,668	$92,172	$256,452
Other countries	$22,656	$83,844	$234,732
Age
31–39	$19,104	$78,180	$213,852
40–49	$22,644	$88,116	$248,496
50–59	$29,808	$99,072	$262,140
60–69	$28,776	$87,048	$259,200
70 or older	$33,564	$119,064	$318,696
Marital status
Married	$30,108	$98,616	$257,436
Divorced	$18,192	$73,380	$215,172
Widowed	$21,612	$76,032	$292,632
Never married	$15,984	$70,068	$211,740
Highest education level
Graduate	$36,840	$120,804	$344,460
Bachelor	$30,852	$121,428	$343,320
Associate	$27,132	$97,644	$258,480
High school	$23,640	$85,140	$223,404
Less than high school	$20,844	$76,968	$210,024
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$236,988	$294,336	$540,432
Second highest	$147,408	$175,704	$212,940
Middle	$95,700	$113,808	$134,748
Second lowest	$55,536	$70,476	$86,928
Lowest	$8,028	$30,084	$47,460
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$134,472	$229,128	$483,156
Second highest	$75,828	$119,604	$245,904
Middle	$51,852	$89,688	$200,424
Second lowest	$29,196	$65,112	$190,524
Lowest	$7,104	$39,792	$170,628
	White, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	$36,960	$125,400	$336,996
Sex
Female	$33,228	$119,508	$324,156
Male	$40,944	$130,968	$348,660
Country of birth
United States	$37,824	$126,300	$334,356
Other countries	$26,256	$113,256	$358,452
Age
31–39	$26,748	$100,932	$256,452
40–49	$32,124	$120,372	$324,156
50–59	$43,368	$142,920	$359,076
60–69	$47,616	$130,824	$357,600
70 or older	$66,300	$180,720	$511,704
Marital status
Married	$54,072	$152,148	$379,932
Divorced	$25,296	$88,008	$242,076
Widowed	$36,168	$97,884	$269,508
Never married	$18,144	$77,064	$228,192
Highest education level
Graduate	$67,512	$194,052	$515,292
Bachelor	$56,520	$172,596	$425,616
Associate	$35,328	$113,124	$260,484
High school	$29,280	$93,396	$222,768
Less than high school	$15,852	$66,720	$172,620
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$238,980	$319,908	$645,840
Second highest	$147,864	$176,640	$214,560
Middle	$95,568	$114,096	$135,324
Second lowest	$55,896	$71,736	$87,384
Lowest	$9,144	$31,728	$48,060
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$138,156	$245,112	$566,088
Second highest	$81,672	$139,260	$289,968
Middle	$53,520	$99,036	$236,352
Second lowest	$30,732	$77,388	$215,520
Lowest	$10,092	$58,812	$207,672
	Black or African American, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	$21,864	$87,360	$251,964
Sex
Female	$21,048	$79,980	$231,792
Male	$23,028	$97,224	$268,236
Country of birth
United States	$21,552	$84,000	$245,688
Other countries	$25,692	$107,088	$313,740
Age
31–39	$15,672	$66,492	$203,964
40–49	$21,708	$84,360	$251,424
50–59	$29,808	$108,408	$289,224
60–69	$31,536	$95,628	$266,544
70 or older	$38,832	$120,468	$287,820
Marital status
Married	$41,640	$123,624	$306,804
Divorced	$20,832	$71,412	$241,200
Widowed	$24,588	$74,352	$166,920
Never married	$15,228	$63,120	$194,772
Highest education level
Graduate	$43,512	$164,700	$399,156
Bachelor	$28,020	$118,836	$302,412
Associate	$27,264	$86,280	$229,212
High school	$19,788	$70,836	$199,380
Less than high school	$14,364	$52,692	$190,392
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$236,604	$294,300	$485,736
Second highest	$147,792	$174,420	$212,784
Middle	$94,884	$114,432	$135,276
Second lowest	$55,380	$70,056	$87,036
Lowest	$8,652	$29,808	$47,448
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$129,600	$214,932	$419,520
Second highest	$76,644	$118,392	$256,008
Middle	$49,332	$80,292	$206,784
Second lowest	$26,700	$54,456	$173,148
Lowest	$6,288	$31,452	$152,436
	All other races, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	$28,248	$136,524	$441,516
Sex
Female	$25,104	$130,680	$460,500
Male	$32,268	$140,076	$419,940
Country of birth
United States	$28,440	$114,960	$316,992
Other countries	$28,236	$149,988	$485,772
Age
31–39	$20,412	$112,668	$358,680
40–49	$25,632	$133,272	$479,916
50–59	$35,796	$161,784	$499,524
60–69	$35,028	$135,012	$400,068
70 or older	$43,872	$163,848	$426,936
Marital status
Married	$39,756	$164,868	$521,448
Divorced	$25,104	$89,304	$272,712
Widowed	$29,748	$121,680	$341,436
Never married	$18,144	$103,932	$301,764
Highest education level
Graduate	$45,900	$231,372	$627,612
Bachelor	$35,724	$165,144	$428,700
Associate	$20,892	$89,304	$258,588
High school	$27,156	$97,212	$267,624
Less than high school	$9,108	$61,572	$204,396
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$239,664	$343,404	$711,732
Second highest	$148,164	$179,820	$215,628
Middle	$96,180	$114,768	$136,320
Second lowest	$55,440	$69,468	$87,408
Lowest	$7,392	$29,760	$47,244
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$149,244	$276,360	$643,656
Second highest	$82,920	$138,372	$331,284
Middle	$49,848	$89,424	$264,336
Second lowest	$28,584	$57,900	$229,836
Lowest	$6,492	$35,448	$194,472
SOURCE: SSA Office of Research, Evaluation, and Statistics, MINT 8.23. Run ID: SB PopProfiles 03/06/2024.
NOTE: Providing these estimates does not imply SSA support for the proposal, nor is SSA responsible for any interpretations of these estimates.

Projected Annual Household Income Distribution in 2030
POPULATION: Current-law payroll taxpayers aged 31 or older (characteristics)
Characteristic	Household income (2024 $) at the—
Characteristic	10th percentile	Median	90th percentile
	All taxpayers
Total	$33,712	$122,297	$349,863
Sex
Female	$30,028	$115,906	$335,885
Male	$37,230	$128,105	$362,030
Race and ethnicity
Hispanic or Latino, any race	$26,354	$94,569	$263,048
White, non-Hispanic	$40,103	$134,610	$373,948
Black or African American, non-Hispanic	$23,814	$93,893	$276,860
All other races, non-Hispanic	$30,330	$150,462	$500,138
Country of birth
United States	$35,950	$124,722	$347,542
Other countries	$26,791	$111,108	$360,646
Age
31–39	$24,178	$100,252	$274,424
40–49	$29,455	$116,458	$346,553
50–59	$36,960	$132,622	$368,171
60–69	$44,381	$133,819	$378,673
70 or older	$61,919	$177,690	$507,538
Marital status
Married	$48,523	$150,066	$398,116
Divorced	$26,427	$90,396	$265,754
Widowed	$33,712	$100,877	$286,966
Never married	$20,109	$82,059	$259,655
Highest education level
Graduate	$58,536	$199,381	$560,464
Bachelor	$54,081	$175,265	$451,458
Associate	$34,014	$111,295	$271,583
High school	$27,114	$92,758	$245,635
Less than high school	$19,245	$78,978	$220,717
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$259,884	$349,863	$720,137
Second highest	$158,736	$190,398	$232,500
Middle	$101,959	$122,297	$144,831
Second lowest	$59,743	$75,595	$92,644
Lowest	$9,055	$33,712	$51,563
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$151,492	$270,021	$632,603
Second highest	$87,617	$144,373	$316,297
Middle	$56,517	$100,513	$246,228
Second lowest	$32,963	$73,108	$219,989
Lowest	$9,055	$49,564	$193,365
	Hispanic or Latino, any race
Subtotal	$26,354	$94,569	$263,048
Sex
Female	$23,585	$93,966	$254,388
Male	$28,852	$94,996	$270,688
Country of birth
United States	$28,977	$99,607	$271,406
Other countries	$23,835	$89,501	$253,587
Age
31–39	$22,440	$84,931	$235,435
40–49	$23,346	$92,696	$259,218
50–59	$30,371	$104,780	$292,441
60–69	$35,981	$96,224	$259,977
70 or older	$44,131	$120,070	$290,723
Marital status
Married	$33,910	$107,590	$283,021
Divorced	$22,742	$76,313	$234,529
Widowed	$22,919	$77,854	$211,308
Never married	$19,224	$73,056	$235,310
Highest education level
Graduate	$40,509	$141,167	$388,613
Bachelor	$32,245	$121,735	$345,055
Associate	$30,455	$100,918	$257,500
High school	$26,676	$90,791	$249,611
Less than high school	$21,993	$83,224	$228,888
Current-law household income quintile
Highest	$257,313	$322,104	$613,681
Second highest	$158,372	$189,201	$232,135
Middle	$101,116	$120,330	$145,060
Second lowest	$59,504	$74,024	$92,311
Lowest	$8,701	$32,692	$51,292
Current-law payroll taxes quintile
Highest	$147,683	$241,617	$495,787
Second highest	$84,838	$135,349	$282,574
Middle	$55,663	$94,465	$220,384
Second lowest	$31,891	$71,078	$200,494
Lowest	$8,399	$44,027	$165,856
	White, non-Hispanic
Subtotal	$40,103	$134,610	$373,948
Sex
Female	$36,720	$127,657	$356,899
Male	$43,600	$140,928	$390,299
Country of birth
United States	$41,238	$135,401	$371,741
Other countries	$28,467	$122,713	$413,541
Age
31–39	$27,977	$110,484	$280,679
40–49	$36,471	$128,875	$366,308
50–59	$43,954	$145,664	$387,541
60–69	$49,377	$142,562	$395,930
70 or older	$67,560	$189,316	$537,847
Marital status
Married	$57,620	$165,418	$420,723
Divorced	$29,133	$95,100	$273,768
Widowed	$39,583	$111,056	$302,068
Never married	$21,431	$86,212	$262,621
Highest education level
Graduate	$64,989	$205,209	$558,257
Bachelor	$64,562	$189,971	$472,347
Associate	$38,406	$117,311	$278,275
High schoo

Research, Statistics & Policy Analysis

Projected Profile of Taxpayers by Race & Ethnicity