Annual Statistical Report on the Social Security Disability Insurance Program, 2000
Income of Disabled Beneficiaries
Family Income
Notes
The Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) is a household survey of the noninstitutionalized resident population of the United States, conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. The survey was designed to improve the measurement of the economic situation of persons, families, and households in the United States and to provide a tool for managing and evaluating government transfer and service programs.
The 1996 SIPP panel consists of 12 interviews, or waves, each of which gathered 4 months of retrospective data. The sample includes approximately 36,000 households. The SIPP has been matched to SSA administrative records. Receipt of disability benefits is based on December 1998 SSA records, while all other characteristics and income amounts are taken from the SIPP. The estimates are weighted using SIPP sample weights to produce population estimates.
Poverty calculations based on the SIPP use survey-reported family income for 1998. The poverty thresholds also are provided in the SIPP and are adjusted for family size and composition. In 1998, the poverty threshold for a one-person family under age 65 was $8,480. For a four-person family with two related children under the age of 18, the poverty threshold was $16,530.
SIPP and SSA counts of disabled beneficiaries differ because the SIPP excludes people living in institutions or outside the continental United States. And, the match rate between the SIPP and SSA records is not a perfect match. Furthermore, the SIPP estimates are based on a sample and therefore are subject to sampling error. Standard errors can be used to measure this sampling variability. Various sources of nonsampling error also may be important.
Because the SIPP uses a complex sample design, it is inappropriate to calculate standard errors assuming a simple random sample. Doing so will result in estimated standard errors that are biased downward. Rather than attempting to provide tables with approximate SIPP variance estimates, the interested reader is referred to the Source and Accuracy Statement for the 1996 Public Use Files from the Survey of Income and Program Participation, available on the SIPP Internet site at www.sipp.census.gov/sipp/sourceac/s&a96_040501.pdf. The source and accuracy statement provides information on direct calculation of standard errors for SIPP estimates. It also provides detailed instructions for calculating standard errors using generalized variance parameters and simplified tables.
| Characteristic | Percentage of family income | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social Security | Supplemental Security Income |
Earnings | Public assistance |
Property income |
Other | |
| Disabled workers | ||||||
| All disabled workers | 45.2 | 7.1 | 28.3 | 1.2 | 2.1 | 16.1 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Men | 45.9 | 6.2 | 27.7 | 1.1 | 2.3 | 16.7 |
| Women | 44.2 | 8.3 | 29.2 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 15.2 |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 44.6 | 6.0 | 29.2 | 1.0 | 2.4 | 16.8 |
| Black | 48.9 | 10.9 | 23.7 | 2.1 | 0.6 | 13.8 |
| American Indian, Alaska Native | a | a | a | a | a | a |
| Asian, Pacific Islander | a | a | a | a | a | a |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic | 45.4 | 6.6 | 28.4 | 1.2 | 2.1 | 16.3 |
| Hispanic | 42.4 | 14.4 | 26.5 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 12.6 |
| Age | ||||||
| Under 25 | a | a | a | a | a | a |
| 25-34 | 32.6 | 11.2 | 42.7 | 2.9 | 1.7 | 8.9 |
| 35-44 | 44.5 | 9.9 | 31.4 | 1.2 | 2.2 | 10.7 |
| 45-54 | 45.8 | 6.5 | 30.5 | 0.4 | 1.5 | 15.2 |
| 55 or older | 47.8 | 5.5 | 22.0 | 1.6 | 2.5 | 20.7 |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married | 35.1 | 4.1 | 40.1 | 0.8 | 2.2 | 17.7 |
| Nonmarried | 55.9 | 10.2 | 15.9 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 14.4 |
| Years of education | ||||||
| Unknown | a | a | a | a | a | a |
| 0-8 | 56.4 | 13.0 | 15.0 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 12.7 |
| 9-11 | 50.8 | 10.2 | 21.2 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 15.0 |
| 12 | 41.3 | 6.3 | 33.1 | 1.3 | 2.0 | 16.0 |
| 13-15 | 44.4 | 4.1 | 30.1 | 1.3 | 2.5 | 17.6 |
| 16 or more | 38.2 | 3.9 | 35.0 | 0.3 | 3.3 | 19.3 |
| Living arrangement | ||||||
| Alone | 64.8 | 11.3 | 6.0 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 15.4 |
| With others | 39.1 | 5.8 | 35.3 | 1.3 | 2.3 | 16.3 |
| Disabled adult children | ||||||
| All disabled adult children | 51.3 | 16.0 | 19.8 | 2.7 | 1.9 | 8.3 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Men | 52.4 | 16.3 | 18.1 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 9.5 |
| Women | 49.7 | 15.5 | 22.4 | 4.1 | 1.9 | 6.5 |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 53.4 | 15.0 | 17.1 | 1.9 | 2.4 | 10.2 |
| Black | 45.5 | 14.1 | 31.3 | 5.6 | 0.5 | 3.1 |
| American Indian, Alaska Native | a | a | a | a | a | a |
| Asian, Pacific Islander | a | a | a | a | a | a |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic | 52.4 | 13.6 | 20.5 | 3.0 | 1.9 | 8.6 |
| Hispanic | a | a | a | a | a | a |
| Age | ||||||
| Under 25 | a | a | a | a | a | a |
| 25-34 | 42.4 | 18.9 | 27.1 | 3.6 | 1.0 | 6.9 |
| 35-44 | 54.1 | 16.8 | 14.1 | 0.1 | 2.9 | 12.1 |
| 45-54 | a | a | a | a | a | a |
| 55 or older | a | a | a | a | a | a |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married | a | a | a | a | a | a |
| Nonmarried | 51.9 | 16.2 | 18.9 | 2.7 | 1.9 | 8.4 |
| Years of education | ||||||
| Unknown | a | a | a | a | a | a |
| 0-8 | 59.8 | 21.6 | 8.5 | 2.1 | 0.8 | 7.2 |
| 9-11 | a | a | a | a | a | a |
| 12 | 45.0 | 12.2 | 29.7 | 2.6 | 2.0 | 8.4 |
| 13-15 | a | a | a | a | a | a |
| 16 or more | a | a | a | a | a | a |
| Living arrangement | ||||||
| Alone | 62.9 | 27.9 | 2.4 | 0.9 | 3.1 | 2.8 |
| With others | 48.9 | 13.6 | 23.4 | 3.1 | 1.7 | 9.5 |
| SOURCE: 1996 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) matched to SSA administrative records. | ||||||
| NOTES: Individuals receiving disability benefits in December 1998 are identified using SSA administrative data. The unweighted sample size is 1,039 cases for disabled workers and 142 cases for disabled adult children. Disabled widow(er)s are excluded because the unweighted sample size is less than 30 cases, which is deemed too small to support statistically reliable estimates. | ||||||
| a. Sample size is too small to support statistically reliable estimates. | ||||||
| CONTACT: Paul Davies (202) 358-6225 for further information. | ||||||
| Characteristic | Total number |
Under 50% of poverty |
50-99% of poverty |
100-124% of poverty |
125-149% of poverty |
150-199% of poverty |
200-299% of poverty |
300% or more of poverty |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Disabled workers | ||||||||
| All disabled workers | 5,158,545 | 2.5 | 19.6 | 7.5 | 6.9 | 13.7 | 19.1 | 30.9 |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Men | 3,048,809 | 2.3 | 16.7 | 7.4 | 7.7 | 15.1 | 19.3 | 31.4 |
| Women | 2,109,736 | 2.6 | 23.7 | 7.5 | 5.6 | 11.7 | 18.8 | 30.1 |
| Race | ||||||||
| White | 4,099,373 | 1.7 | 17.4 | 7.5 | 6.0 | 13.3 | 20.2 | 34.0 |
| Black | 949,186 | 4.9 | 29.0 | 7.6 | 10.7 | 16.4 | 13.8 | 17.7 |
| American Indian, Alaska Native | 64,114 | a | a | a | a | a | a | a |
| Asian, Pacific Islander | 45,872 | a | a | a | a | a | a | a |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||
| Non-Hispanic | 4,852,556 | 20.2 | 18.9 | 7.9 | 6.6 | 13.7 | 19.0 | 31.8 |
| Hispanic | 305,990 | 7.2 | 30.0 | 1.1 | 10.9 | 14.1 | 20.8 | 15.9 |
| Age | ||||||||
| Under 25 | 28,802 | a | a | a | a | a | a | a |
| 25-34 | 396,442 | 2.8 | 22.8 | 4.2 | 11.6 | 19.1 | 13.3 | 26.2 |
| 35-44 | 968,478 | 3.0 | 21.5 | 9.6 | 6.6 | 18.3 | 16.8 | 24.2 |
| 45-54 | 1,607,604 | 2.9 | 18.7 | 8.2 | 7.1 | 11.6 | 18.6 | 33.0 |
| 55 or older | 2,157,218 | 1.8 | 18.9 | 6.6 | 6.0 | 12.0 | 21.8 | 32.8 |
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Married | 2,647,511 | 1.4 | 8.8 | 3.7 | 4.9 | 13.3 | 24.5 | 43.6 |
| Nonmarried | 2,511,034 | 3.6 | 31.0 | 11.4 | 9.0 | 14.1 | 13.5 | 17.5 |
| Years of education | ||||||||
| Unknown | 9,174 | a | a | a | a | a | a | a |
| 0-8 | 642,331 | 3.7 | 39.1 | 8.6 | 10.8 | 9.2 | 15.7 | 12.9 |
| 9-11 | 916,855 | 3.4 | 25.0 | 10.5 | 10.2 | 15.0 | 16.7 | 19.3 |
| 12 | 1,863,777 | 2.9 | 17.7 | 6.4 | 5.7 | 13.5 | 20.1 | 33.8 |
| 13-15 | 1,179,585 | 0.7 | 14.6 | 6.2 | 5.7 | 16.8 | 20.9 | 35.1 |
| 16 or more | 546,823 | 1.8 | 5.1 | 7.5 | 3.0 | 11.2 | 20.4 | 51.2 |
| Disabled adult children | ||||||||
| All disabled adult children | 772,507 | 2.9 | 27.0 | 6.6 | 7.7 | 18.1 | 23.1 | 14.6 |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Men | 468,694 | 3.1 | 28.9 | 5.4 | 8.2 | 15.0 | 23.0 | 16.3 |
| Women | 303,813 | 2.7 | 24.2 | 8.4 | 6.8 | 22.9 | 23.1 | 11.9 |
| Race | ||||||||
| White | 568,138 | 1.2 | 30.0 | 5.1 | 7.1 | 17.8 | 22.3 | 16.6 |
| Black | 178,256 | 9.0 | 21.6 | 9.7 | 10.5 | 21.8 | 16.9 | 10.5 |
| American Indian, Alaska Native | 21,300 | a | a | a | a | a | a | a |
| Asian, Pacific Islander | 4,814 | a | a | a | a | a | a | a |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||
| Non-Hispanic | 699,444 | 3.2 | 27.6 | 6.0 | 7.9 | 19.2 | 21.9 | 14.2 |
| Hispanic | 73,064 | a | a | a | a | a | a | a |
| Age | ||||||||
| Under 25 | 119,767 | a | a | a | a | a | a | a |
| 25-34 | 219,975 | 5.4 | 15.1 | 7.3 | 11.8 | 18.3 | 31.3 | 10.9 |
| 35-44 | 220,267 | 4.8 | 30.1 | 6.9 | 4.7 | 10.8 | 23.6 | 19.0 |
| 45-54 | 94,845 | a | a | a | a | a | a | a |
| 55 or older | 117,653 | a | a | a | a | a | a | a |
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Married | 9,632 | a | a | a | a | a | a | a |
| Nonmarried | 762,876 | 3.0 | 27.4 | 6.7 | 7.2 | 18.4 | 23.4 | 14.0 |
| Years of education | ||||||||
| Unknown | 0 | a | a | a | a | a | a | a |
| 0-8 | 357,303 | 1.8 | 38.5 | 7.7 | 7.5 | 14.1 | 19.7 | 10.8 |
| 9-11 | 90,879 | a | a | a | a | a | a | a |
| 12 | 266,931 | 1.5 | 12.0 | 6.5 | 9.7 | 28.0 | 30.3 | 12.0 |
| 13-15 | 35,936 | a | a | a | a | a | a | a |
| 16 or more | 21,459 | a | a | a | a | a | a | a |
| SOURCE: 1996 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) matched to SSA administrative records. | ||||||||
| NOTES: Individuals receiving disability benefits in December 1998 are identified using SSA administrative data. The unweighted sample size is 1,039 cases for disabled workers and 142 cases for disabled adult children. Disabled widow(er)s are excluded because the unweighted sample size is less than 30 cases, which is deemed too small to support statistically reliable estimates. | ||||||||
| a. Sample size is too small to support statistically reliable estimates. | ||||||||
| CONTACT: Paul Davies (202) 358-6225 for further information. | ||||||||
| Before Social Security | Total number a | After Social Security | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Under 50% of poverty |
50-99% of poverty |
100-124% of poverty |
125-149% of poverty |
150-199% of poverty |
200-299% of poverty |
300% or more of poverty |
||
| All disabled beneficiaries | ||||||||
| All disabled beneficiaries | 6,039,819 | 2.5 | 20.7 | 7.6 | 7.0 | 14.1 | 19.7 | 28.4 |
| Under 50% of poverty | 1,897,044 | 7.9 | 55.5 | 16.2 | 8.9 | 8.6 | 2.9 | 0 |
| 50-99% of poverty | 1,017,953 | 0 | 19.4 | 12.2 | 18.6 | 34.0 | 14.7 | 1.1 |
| 100-124% of poverty | 345,266 | 0 | 0 | 7.8 | 15.4 | 34.8 | 38.6 | 3.5 |
| 125-149% of poverty | 290,581 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.1 | 36.0 | 52.6 | 7.3 |
| 150-199% of poverty | 608,486 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19.6 | 65.7 | 14.7 |
| 200-299% of poverty | 718,535 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 41.7 | 58.3 |
| 300% or more | 1,161,954 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100.0 |
| Disabled workers | ||||||||
| All disabled workers | 5,158,545 | 2.5 | 19.6 | 7.5 | 6.9 | 13.7 | 19.1 | 30.9 |
| Under 50% of poverty | 1,561,630 | 0 | 8.1 | 54.8 | 17.0 | 9.1 | 2.0 | 0 |
| 50-99% of poverty | 792,513 | 0 | 19.5 | 11.5 | 19.4 | 35.1 | 14.0 | 55.0 |
| 100-124% of poverty | 264,094 | 0 | 0 | 10.2 | 17.2 | 31.9 | 36.3 | 4.5 |
| 125-149% of poverty | 260,330 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.5 | 38.8 | 51.7 | 4.9 |
| 150-199% of poverty | 527,807 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19.6 | 63.5 | 16.9 |
| 200-299% of poverty | 684,954 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40.7 | 59.3 |
| 300% or more | 1,067,217 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100.0 |
| Disabled adult children | ||||||||
| All disabled adult children | 772,507 | 2.9 | 27.0 | 6.6 | 7.7 | 18.1 | 23.1 | 14.6 |
| Under 50% of poverty | 286,868 | b | b | b | b | b | b | b |
| 50-99% of poverty | 194,700 | b | b | b | b | b | b | b |
| 100-124% of poverty | 76,689 | b | b | b | b | b | b | b |
| 125-149% of poverty | 30,251 | b | b | b | b | b | b | b |
| 150-199% of poverty | 69,856 | b | b | b | b | b | b | b |
| 200-299% of poverty | 29,653 | b | b | b | b | b | b | b |
| 300% or more | 84,490 | b | b | b | b | b | b | b |
| SOURCE: 1996 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) matched to SSA administrative records. | ||||||||
| NOTES: Individuals receiving disability benefits in December 1998 are identified using SSA administrative data. The unweighted sample size is 1,039 cases for disabled workers and 142 cases for disabled adult children. Disabled widow(er)s are excluded because the unweighted sample size is less than 30 cases, which is deemed too small to support statistically reliable estimates. | ||||||||
| a. The total numbers of disabled beneficiaries (overall and by poverty status) are different from the sums of disabled workers and disabled adult children because disabled widow(er)s are not being displayed due to sample size constraints. | ||||||||
| b. Sample size is too small to support statistically reliable estimates. | ||||||||
| CONTACT: Paul Davies (202) 358-6225 for further information. | ||||||||
| Characteristic | Before Social Security |
After Social Security |
Percentage reduction in gap |
|---|---|---|---|
| Disabled workers | |||
| All disabled workers | 15,968,637,620 | 12,680,205,394 | 20.6 |
| Sex | |||
| Men | 9,417,033,850 | 7,708,263,306 | 18.1 |
| Women | 6,551,603,769 | 4,971,942,088 | 24.1 |
| Race | |||
| White | 11,691,631,909 | 9,635,981,739 | 17.6 |
| Black | 3,984,707,440 | 2,893,967,994 | 27.4 |
| American Indian, Alaska Native | a | a | a |
| Asian, Pacific Islander | a | a | a |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Non-Hispanic | 14,616,844,114 | 11,853,716,220 | 18.9 |
| Hispanic | 1,351,793,505 | 826,489,175 | 38.9 |
| Age | |||
| Under 25 | a | a | a |
| 25-34 | 1,190,305,883 | 785,698,941 | 34.0 |
| 35-44 | 3,335,530,815 | 2,645,509,624 | 20.7 |
| 45-54 | 5,114,505,949 | 4,019,184,021 | 21.4 |
| 55 or older | 6,310,158,858 | 5,217,966,672 | 17.3 |
| Disabled adult children | |||
| All disabled adult children | 3,062,074,290 | 2,328,631,655 | 24.0 |
| Sex | |||
| Men | 1,986,066,688 | 1,495,678,723 | 24.7 |
| Women | 1,076,007,603 | 832,952,932 | 22.6 |
| Race | |||
| White | 2,148,987,620 | 1,695,066,328 | 21.1 |
| Black | 821,590,626 | 542,069,282 | 34.0 |
| American Indian, Alaska Native | a | a | a |
| Asian, Pacific Islander | a | a | a |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Non-Hispanic | 2,792,885,456 | 2,147,869,606 | 23.1 |
| Hispanic | a | a | a |
| Age | |||
| Under 25 | a | a | a |
| 25-34 | 922,480,489 | 730,084,671 | 20.9 |
| 35-44 | 986,961,608 | 694,549,769 | 29.6 |
| 45-54 | a | a | a |
| 55 or older | a | a | a |
| SOURCE: 1996 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) matched to SSA administrative records. | |||
| NOTES: Individuals receiving disability benefits in December 1998 are identified using SSA administrative data. The unweighted sample size is 1,039 cases for disabled workers and 142 cases for disabled adult children. Disabled widow(er)s are excluded because the unweighted sample size is less than 30 cases, which is deemed too small to support statistically reliable estimates. The aggregate poverty gap is the sum of the shortfall between family income and the poverty threshold. By definition, the shortfall is zero for individuals in families with income greater than the poverty thresholds. | |||
| a. Sample size is too small to support statistically reliable estimates. | |||
| CONTACT: Paul Davies (202) 358-6225 for further information. | |||