Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Africa, 2007

Chad

Exchange rate: US$1.00 equals 498.16 CFA francs.

Old Age, Disability, and Survivors

Regulatory Framework

First and current laws: 1977 (pensions) and 1978 (old age, disability, and survivors).

Type of program: Social insurance system.

Coverage

Salaried workers regulated by the labor code.

Special system for civil servants.

Source of Funds

Insured person: 2% of gross earnings.

Self-employed person: Not applicable.

Employer: 4% of gross payroll.

Government: None.

Qualifying Conditions

Old-age pension: Age 55 (age 50 if prematurely aged), registered with the National Social Insurance Fund for at least 15 years, and with at least 180 months of coverage or with 60 months of contributions in the last 10 years. Retirement from gainful employment is necessary.

Old-age settlement: Age 55 (age 50 if prematurely aged) but did not satisfy the qualifying conditions for the old-age pension.

Disability pension: The insured must be assessed with a loss of at least 2/3 of earning capacity and have at least 5 years of coverage, including 6 months of contributions in the year before the disability began. There is no qualifying period if the disability is the result of a nonoccupational accident.

Survivor pension: The deceased met the qualifying conditions for a pension, was a pensioner, or had at least 180 months of coverage at the time of death.

Survivor settlement: Paid to a survivor if the deceased did not satisfy the qualifying conditions for a pension.

Eligible survivors are a widow aged 40 or older or pregnant, disabled, or caring for a child, and who was married to the deceased for at least 1 year; a dependent disabled widower who was married to the deceased for at least 1 year; and children younger than age 15 (age 18 if an apprentice, age 21 if a student or disabled).

Old-Age Benefits

Old-age pension: The pension is equal to 30% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the last 3 or 5 years (whichever is higher), plus 1.2% of average monthly earnings for each 12-month period of coverage exceeding 180 months.

The minimum pension is equal to 60% of the highest regional minimum wage.

The maximum pension is equal to 80% of the average monthly earnings used for calculating the pension.

Benefits are paid quarterly.

Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted by ministerial decree in consultation with the National Social Insurance Fund.

Old-age settlement: A lump sum is paid equal to 1 month's wages for each year of coverage.

Permanent Disability Benefits

Disability pension: The pension is equal to 30% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the last 3 or 5 years (whichever is higher), plus 1.2% of average monthly earnings for each 12-month period of coverage exceeding 180 months. For each year that a claim is made before the insured reaches age 55, the insured is credited with a 1-year coverage period.

At the normal retirement age, the disability pension ceases and is replaced by an old-age pension of the same amount.

The minimum pension is equal to 60% of the highest regional minimum wage.

The maximum pension is equal to 80% of the average monthly earnings used for calculating the pension.

Constant-attendance allowance: Equal to 50% of the pension.

Benefits are paid quarterly.

Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted by ministerial decree in consultation with the National Social Insurance Fund.

Survivor Benefits

Survivor pension: The pension is equal to 50% of the deceased's pension.

If there is more than one eligible widow, the pension is split equally among them.

The pension ceases on remarriage, and a lump sum is paid.

Remarriage settlement: A lump sum is paid equal to 6 months' survivor pension.

Orphan's pension: Each orphan receives 25% of the deceased's pension; 40% for each full orphan.

The orphan's pension must be at least equal to the family allowance.

All survivor benefits combined must not exceed 100% of the deceased's old-age pension.

Benefits are paid quarterly.

Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted by ministerial decree in consultation with the National Social Insurance Fund.

Survivor settlement: A lump sum is paid.

Administrative Organization

Ministry of Labor and Public Affairs provides general supervision.

National Social Insurance Fund administers the program.

Sickness and Maternity

Regulatory Framework

First law: 1952.

Current law: 1966.

Type of program: Social insurance system. Maternity benefits only.

Coverage

Employed women.

Source of Funds

Insured person: None.

Self-employed person: Not applicable.

Employer: See source of funds under Family Allowances, below.

Government: See source of funds under Family Allowances, below.

Qualifying Conditions

Cash sickness benefits: No statutory benefits are provided.

Cash maternity benefits: The insured woman must have at least 6 consecutive months of employment immediately before work ceases.

Sickness and Maternity Benefits

Sickness benefit: No statutory benefits are provided. (The labor code requires employers to provide paid sick leave.)

Maternity benefit: The benefit is equal to 50% of the insured's last daily wage and is paid for 6 weeks before and 8 weeks after (11 weeks in the event of complications arising from pregnancy or childbirth) the expected date of childbirth.

Workers' Medical Benefits

No statutory benefits are provided. (The labor code requires employers to provide certain medical services.)

Dependents' Medical Benefits

No statutory benefits are provided. (Some health and welfare services are provided to mothers and children under Family Allowances, below.)

Administrative Organization

Ministry of Labor and Public Affairs provides general supervision.

National Social Insurance Fund administers the program.

Work Injury

Regulatory Framework

First law: 1935.

Current law: 1966, implemented in 1970.

Type of program: Social insurance system.

Coverage

Employed persons.

Special system for civil servants.

Source of Funds

Insured person: None.

Self-employed person: Not applicable.

Employer: 2.5% of gross payroll.

Government: None.

Qualifying Conditions

Work injury benefits: There is no minimum qualifying period. The work accident must be reported within 48 hours.

Temporary Disability Benefits

The benefit is equal to 2/3 of the insured's average daily wage in the 30 days before the disability began. The benefit is paid from the day after the disability began until full recovery or until certification of permanent disability (after 2 years).

Permanent Disability Benefits

Permanent disability pension: If the insured is assessed as totally disabled, the pension is equal to 100% of the insured's average monthly earnings in the 12 months before the disability began.

Partial disability: For an assessed degree of disability of at least 10%, the pension is equal to the insured's average monthly earnings in the 12 months before the disability began multiplied by 0.5 times the assessed degree of disability for the portion of disability up to 50% and by 1.5 times the assessed degree of disability for the portion greater than 50%.

The earnings used for benefit calculation purposes are equal to 6 times the highest legal minimum wage, plus 1/3 of earnings between 6 times the highest legal minimum wage and 25 times the highest legal minimum wage. Earnings above 25 times the highest legal minimum wage are not taken into account for benefit calculation purposes.

With an assessed degree of disability of at least 10%, the minimum pension is calculated on the basis of 1.35 times the highest legal minimum wage.

Constant-attendance allowance: Equal to 40% of the pension.

Pensions are normally paid quarterly. If the insured is assessed as 100% disabled, the pension is paid monthly; if assessed as at least 75% disabled, the insured can request to be paid monthly.

Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted according to changes in the legal minimum wage.

Workers' Medical Benefits

Benefits include medical and surgical care, hospitalization, medicines, appliances, and transportation.

Survivor Benefits

Survivor pension: The pension is equal to 30% of the deceased's average earnings in the last 12 months.

Orphan's pension: 15% of the deceased's average earnings in the last 12 months is paid for each orphan younger than age 15 (age 18 if an apprentice, age 21 if a student or disabled); 20% for each full orphan.

Dependent parent's and grandparent's pension: Each receives 10% of the deceased's average earnings in the last 12 months, up to a maximum of 30%.

All survivor benefits combined must not exceed 85% of the deceased's average earnings used for calculating the pension.

Benefits are paid quarterly.

Benefit adjustment: Benefits are adjusted according to changes in the legal minimum wage.

Funeral grant: The cost of the funeral is reimbursed, up to a maximum of 1/24 of covered earnings.

Administrative Organization

Ministry of Labor and Public Affairs provides general supervision.

National Social Insurance Fund administers the program.

Family Allowances

Regulatory Framework

First law: 1956.

Current law: 1966.

Type of program: Employment-related system.

Coverage

Employed persons.

Special system for civil servants.

Source of Funds

Insured person: None.

Self-employed person: Not applicable.

Employer: 6% of covered payroll.

The maximum monthly earnings for contribution purposes are 130,000 CFA francs.

The employer's contributions also finance maternity benefits under Sickness and Maternity, above.

Government: A subsidy from earmarked taxes.

Government contributions also finance maternity benefits under Sickness and Maternity, above.

Qualifying Conditions

Family allowances: The child must be younger than age 15 (age 18 if an apprentice, age 21 if a student or disabled) and reside in Chad. The parent must have at least 6 months of employment and be currently working 20 days a month; the widow of a beneficiary.

Prenatal allowance: The woman must undergo regular prescribed medical examinations.

Birth grant: Paid for the first three births of the first marriage.

Family Allowance Benefits

Family allowances: 600 CFA francs a month is paid for each child.

Prenatal allowance: 5,400 CFA francs is paid for each month of pregnancy. The allowance is paid in two installments.

Birth grant: A lump sum of 6,000 CFA francs is paid for each of the first three births.

Some health and welfare services are also provided to mothers and children.

Administrative Organization

Ministry of Labor and Public Affairs provides general supervision.

National Social Insurance Fund administers the program.